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TITLE PAGE

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A VEHICLE TRACKING AND LOCKING SYSTEM BASED ON GSM AND GPS

BY

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EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
INSTITUTE OF ---

DECEMBER,2018

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work,design and construction of a vehicle tracking and locking system based on gsm and gps by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on Electrical and Electronics Engineering has been approved.

By
Engr. ---                                                     Engr. ---
Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

……………………………….
 Engr. ---
External Invigilator

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

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In this paper, we presented a vehicle tracking system using GPS modem and GSM module and locking it down using remote mobile accessing. The system is designed to provide security to vehicle owners from theft and unauthorized access. The system performs multiple operations which include:-When an unauthorized person tries to gain access of your vehicle, the information is analyzed using sensors and transmitted to user through GSM. The coordinates of the location of vehicle are sent via GPS. The controlling of vehicle is done through microcontroller. The doors of the vehicles and accelerator pedal are locked down when reading instructions from the user. The speed of the motor is gradually reduced and comes to a halt. By using the control concepts listed in the paper number of control features can be implemented in the same fashion.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

• SURVEY OF RELATED RESEARCH
• AN OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF GPS
• OVERVIEW OF GSM (GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS)
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF GSM
• GSM/GPRS MODULE
• DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GSM MOBILE AND GSM/GPRS MODULE
• APPLICATIONS OF GSM/GPRS MODULE

CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM DESIGN

• SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
• DESCRIPTION COMPONENTS USED
• IMPLEMENTATION OF HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM
• SYSTEM DESIGNING
• SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS
• POWER SUPPLY UNIT

CHAPTER FOUR
TESTING AND RESULTS

• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
• CASING AND PACKAGING
• ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
• PACKAGING
• MOUNTING PROCEDURE
• TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS
• COST ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

 

 

 

CHAPTETR ONE
1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION
The vehicle tracking system is an electronic device that tracks the vehicle’s location. Most of the tracking system uses GPS module to locate vehicles position [1]. Many systems also combine communication components such as satellite transmitters to communicate the vehicle’s location to the remote user. Google maps are used to view vehicle’s location. The design of the tracking system has been divided into 3 parts: basic design, intermediate design and advanced design.
The basic design of the vehicle tracking system consists of a GSM module, GPS module, a microcontroller, a relay circuit and a LCD. In this paper we have included the sensors to detect the unauthorized intervention. When any unauthorized user (i.e. a person other than the owner) tries to get access of vehicle, the system sends an SMS to owner. The user commands the system to lock down the vehicle remotely. The gates and accelerator pedal are locked down using instructions from the microcontroller. The speed of the motor is gradually reduced. Meanwhile the coordinates of the location (i.e. latitude and longitude) are sent to users mobile. These coordinates can be used to view the location of vehicle on Google Maps. This system designed for users in land construction and transport business, provides real-time information such as location, speed and expected arrival time of the user is moving vehicles in a concise and easy-to-read format. This system may also useful for communication process among the two points.
Currently GPS vehicle tracking ensures their safety as travelling [2]. This vehicle tracking system found in clients vehicles as a theft prevention and rescue device. Vehicle owner or Police follow the signal emitted by the tracking system to locate a robbed vehicle.

1.1                                    AIM OF THE PROJECT
The aim of this work is to design a device that alaert the owner of a vehicle when an unauthorized person tries to gain access of  his vehicle, the information is analyzed using sensors and transmitted to user through GSM and also coordinates of the location of vehicle are sent via GPS.

1.2                               PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The main purpose of this device is to provide security to vehicle owners from theft and unauthorized access.

1.3                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
Vehicle tracking and locking system used to track the theft vehicle  Sleep mode / active mode  If theft identified, IR sensor senses the signals and SMS is sent to microcontroller, issue the necessary signals to stop the motor  After switch off the engine, motor cannot restart without permission of password  Tracking of vehicle place is easy and doors locked automatically, thief cannot get away from the car.

1.4                          APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

• School transport Tracking: “Vehicle tracking system” can be used in the school bus for tracking. 
• This project can be used for detection of cab or car of companies.
•   Theft Protection: This project can be very useful when your vehicle or car is stolen.
• Sectors in which VTS is used  Logistics, Cargo, Distribution, Transportation Fleet management  Public Service VTS avoids misusage  Railroads VTS can monitor the wagons online 

1.5                                 PROBLEM OF THE STUDY
Worker resentment: The use of GPS tracking devices cause worker resentment especially is they are used to track delivery drivers and the location of field officers. Most fleet management companies use vehicle tracking devices to track their vehicles and some employees may not be comfortable with the idea that they are being monitored all the time.
Expenses: It is very expensive to install a GPS tracking system especially for small companies and this is one of the major disadvantages of GPS tracking. The initial cost of installation is very expensive and medium sized businesses have to look for some financing in order to have the system installed in their vehicles.
Overdependence: Workers have a tendency to over rely on different technologies and vehicle tracking devices is one of them. Fleet management companies can have a very chaotic time in case of a system breakdown as a result of over dependence on vehicle tracking devices. It becomes difficult to track deliveries when there is breakdown because workers are reluctant to step out of their comfort zone.

1.6                             SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1) Keep track of employees. This is useful to cut down on employees who are using vehicles excessively for personal use and skiving off when they are suppose to be working.

2) Tracking systems can keep an eye on staff driving habits. Managers can therefore clamp down on people who consistently speed or drive dangerously.
3) GPS vehicle tracking systems can also monitor the fuel consumption of a company’s fleet so that managers can work towards a more economical and environmentally friendly fleet of vehicles.
4) For fleets working in London congestion zone alerts are very useful for cutting down on unwanted fines for not paying congestion zone fees.
5) Tracking systems can also help people to map out the shortest routes a driver can take which can help to save time, money and fuel.

1.7                            LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
1. GPS Location can be inaccurate sometimes
A GPS unit calculates the location of the device by receiving and interpreting the signal from 3 or more satellites. However, technical difficulty can cause blocking of these signals when the line of sight is blocked by tall buildings, trees or obstacles in the pathway. Any such issues might cause GPS units to show inaccurate position and can cause you problems.
There is also the issue of ‘Canyon Effect’ resulting from being surrounded by tall buildings blocking GPS signal. The signal might keep bouncing around and therefore fail to reach the GPS unit. GPS units calculate the position and time based on the time required to receive the signal.
Satellites transmit the signal at a specific rate. The detectors in GPS units are accurate only up to 10 nanoseconds. Simply, in terms of distance, this is about 3 meters. This is the highest accuracy that any standard GPS unit can offer. Military version might be more accurate, up to 300 millimetres.
Another important issue is the discrepancy between the GPS receiver clock timing and the satellite timing which synchronizes the GPS system worldwide. This can make the time drift away from actual time.
Using a highly precise atomic clock might render the GPS units uneconomic. An alternative solution is to utilize special algorithms to account for the time keeping error and reset the clock.
All these issues can be solved to a greater extent by employing GPS units which lock signals from more than three satellites and precise algorithms.
2. Battery might drain out
Power stoppage can result in malfunctioning of the GPS unit, especially the GPS systems which work with solar power or those with a good battery life. A passive GPS unit consumes lots of power even when the vehicle is idle.
Some of the commercial GPS units switch over to sleep mode when the vehicle is idle or parked so that the battery duration gets longer.  Or you can resort to versions for which batteries are easily replaceable.
3. Employees might feel offended
Not all employees might feel the same when they are tracked remotely. They should not feel that they are being spied upon. Considering the advantages offered by a GPS such as safety and protection from theft, convincing your employees to utilize the services of GPS vehicle tracking systems might not be a difficult task.
4. Environmental conditions
Environmental conditions might turn drastic. For example, in case of solar flares, the satellite signals might get affected. However, governmental agencies announce them early so that those with the GPS units can take precautionary steps to overcome this difficulty. It might be wiser for you to carry a map in those days.
5. Monitoring travel data might consume time and labour
As fleet managers, you might have to spend considerable time in monitoring the units for an accurate analysis.
6. Human intervention
Technological spying is a form of electronic warfare and can silently affect these GPS vehicle tracking systems. GPS jammers are also on the rise, especially used by disruptive forces. You might be not able to circumvent the effects of these issues.
However, there are other unseen hindrances to GPS signal reception caused by you. A major disruption can be caused by unknowingly placing a metallic thing blocking the GPS receiver. The GPS antenna can receive signals through plastic, but not through metal surfaces.
Placing the GPS unit near the windscreen might affect signal quality in newer vehicles with metalized glass. Same is the case when your vehicle has a heated windshield. Heating strips made of extremely thin tungsten wires are nearly invisible when laid in the windshield glass to keep the ice away.
Such interferences can be solved by placing the GPS antennae in a proper location within the vehicle after considering the make and type of the vehicle and its compatibility with the unit.

1.8                                                         PROJECT ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied,  chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.

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CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and construction of a vehicle tracking and locking system based on gsm and gps" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and construction of a vehicle tracking and locking system based on gsm and gps" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

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