DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN ARDUINO BASED DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM
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APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work,"design and construction of an arduino based dual axis solar tracking system"by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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This work is on a dual axis solar tracking system. The altitude angle and azimuth angle of the sun are changing all the time. The dual-axis tracking device tracks the sun to collect more solar energy. A dual-axis tracker can increase energy by tracking sun rays from switching solar panel in various directions. This solar panel can rotate in all directions. The system setup consists of a mechanical mechanism to tilt the flat PV panel towards the Sun. This mechanism is derived by DC motors having a high reduction ratio. Voltage supplies to these motors are controlled by the LDR (Light Dependent Registers) sensors by the means of electronic circuits. The energy consumed by the tracking system is very less. The cost of the mechanical parts and electronic components are very less.
The device was first built on a breadboard which is later transfer to vero board and soldered. The device was completely build and coupled, the result during the test shows that the device was able to respond to its operation by rotating according to the direction of the sun.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
- AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- BBACKGROUND LITERATURE SURVEY OF THE STUDY
- REVIEW OF THE PAST WORK ON SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM
- THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS
- COMPONENTS OF SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEMS
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD
3.1 MATERIALS USED
3.2 METHOD USED
3.3 CODE
CHAPTER FOUR
- RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE
- SUMMARY
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
A tracking system can keep the angle of incidence equal to 0. Sun tracking systems can increase the power output of solar power plants by 25% to 40%, depending on the geographic location. A single axis tracker can increase power output by 26%, while a dual axis tracker increases power by 32% (Deb & Roy, 2012). Single axis trackers follow the Sun from east to west, while dual axis trackers track the Sun by altitude (up/down), since the Sun moves across the sky throughout the day. Mousazadeh et al. (2009) calculated that the amount of power gained by tracking can come close to an ideal 57% (Mousazadeh et al., 2009).
Tracking systems compose of mechanical mechanism and electronic sensors. Mechanical mechanism rotates the flat panel and this rotation is controlled by electronic sensors.The controlling process can be classified into two processes, namely passive control unit (Arsalan, 2013) and electro-optical control unit. The passive control unit is a system conducted without any electronic device. The electro optical control unit uses solar detecting devices which are sensitive to solar radiance photo sensors (LDR). Third controlling process is used in this work.1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
One of the major problems facing solar energy systems is the efficiency as the sun moves on the celestial sphere, and this makes it difficult to achieve higher power output from the solar panel. In other to solve this problem, a solar tracker was built. Solar tracker is a device that tracks the position of the sun and set the solar energy conversion system focusing normal to the sun beams. A single axis tracker was first built which was only able to increase power output by 26% due to the fact that it Single axis trackers follow the Sun from east to west (Deb & Roy, 2012). This paper presents a design focused on harnessing the maximum available solar radiation using dual-axis tracking mechanism. The tracking mechanism is designed to focus the solar conversion system perpendicular to the rays of the sun (sun beams) at all time of the day relative to the position of the sun in the sky dome.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The aim of this study is to build a dual-axis solar tracking device for solar system using arduino nano as the heart of the system, LDR as the sensors, motor driver and step motor . The objectives of the work are:
- To build the system prototype
- To harness maximum solar energy
- To provide a stable electric power supply using solar energy.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this work covers building a dual axis solar tracking system using arduino nano as the heart of the system, LDR as the sensors, motor driver and step motor. The main task of the tracking mechanism is to focus solar energy conversion system perpendicular to the sun to maximize the absorbed solar radiation and minimize the energy consumption for tracking system. The movement of the sun on the celestial sphere was the bases of the tracking mechanisms angles design.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
To the country, this study will serve as means of ensuring a steady power supply which will help the country (Nigeria) to be able to grow its economy, and attain its Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
To the student, this study will help the student involved becoming familiar with solar energy generation and also help him to understand how he can increase the power of solar energy by electromechanical means.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 SUMMARY
The use of this technique can capture large amount of solar energy. By using this setup, the use of the non-conventional energy will increase, which is very fruitful incident of our future power sector. It is the main contribution that once the simplicity of solar energy system design is understood, engineers and manufactures will provide new system designs that will expand the solar market worldwide. Dust particles present in the atmosphere in a large quantity. They cover the panel. This becomes an interruption in the direct contact between Sun light and PV cells. It may decrease the efficiency of the solar power plant. Hence an automatic system can be designed and fabricated for the cleaning of the panel. It may be like a wiper of the car.
5.2 CONCLUSION
The project is designed and implemented using simple dual axis solar tracker system. A dual-axis tracker can increase energy by tracking sun rays from switching solar panel in various directions. This solar panel can rotate in all directions. This system is powered by Arduino, consists of arduino, stepper motor, light sensor and other electronics components.
5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
The device (dual-axis tracker) has been designed, tested and system was able to respond to its operation. This work was built with quality wiring and contains many connections, I recommend that if failure occur, it should be troubleshoot by a qualify personnel along with the circuits diagram.
Working on this topic (dual-axis tracker) as my project is a good idea and it comes at the right time. I am suggesting that this particular topic should also be given to other students both in higher and lower class.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of"design and construction of an arduino based dual axis solar tracking system"is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of"design and construction of an arduino based dual axis solar tracking system"consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on"design and construction of an arduino based dual axis solar tracking system"was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of"design and construction of an arduino based dual axis solar tracking system"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of"design and construction of an arduino based dual axis solar tracking system"consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of"design and construction of an arduino based dual axis solar tracking system"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of"design and construction of an arduino based dual axis solar tracking system" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of"design and construction of an arduino based dual axis solar tracking system" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of"design and construction of an arduino based dual axis solar tracking system" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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