DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC BATTERY SWITCH
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TITLE PAGE
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC BATTERY SWITCH
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF --
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of an automatic battery switch" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on Electrical and Electronics Engineering has been approved.
By
Dr. --- Dr. ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
Dr. ---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This work “design and construction of an automatic battery switch” research material is a complete and well researched project material strictly for academic purposes, which has been approved by different Lecturers from different higher institutions. We made Preliminary pages, Abstract and Chapter one of “design and construction of an automatic battery switch” visible for everyone, then the complete material on “design and construction of an automatic battery switch” is to be ordered for. Happy viewing!!!
This Automatic battery Switch will automatically switch from one battery to another when low battery or open circuit occurs to one of the batteries used. Apart from battery, it can be used to automatically switch appliances with two different dc sources like solar energy and battery or solar energy versus wind energy.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT MOTIVATION
- AIM OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- REVIEW OF THE BATTERY
- BATTERY BASICS
- BATTERY CHARACTERISTICS
- BATTERY CHARGING AND DISCHARGING PARAMETERS
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
3.4 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 TESTING AND RESULTS
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
- CASING AND ASSEMBLING OF THE SYSTEM
- OBSERVATIONS
- DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED ON THE SYSTEM
- BATTERY CHARGING
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Power instability or outage in general does not promote development in the public and private sector. The investors do not feel secure to come into a country with constant or frequent power failure. These limit the development of industries. In addition, there are processes that cannot be interrupted because of their importance for instance, surgery operation in hospitals, transfer of money between banks and lots more. Power instability and outage in developing countries (Nigeria) creates a need for alternative sources of power to backup the mains supply.
This project is on an automatic battery switch and how it can be used to change from one dc power sources to the other automatically. The design comprises some arrangement that senses the low battery level either of the power sources and drives the electro mechanical switching device (relay) that is capable of changing two poles (live and neutral) to give out energy.
Automatic battery switch find a wide application scope wherever the reliability of electrical supply from the utilities is low and it is used in lighting/motor/inverter circuits wherever continuity of supply is necessary, for switching to an alternative source from one dc source (battery) and vice versa.
Electronic components such as relay transformer diodes were used thereby making the project less expensive for the implementation of the project and commercial application.
Moreover, the cost suitability and availability of the required components for the project circuitry were some of the major factors considered by the designer.
1.1 PROJECT MOTIVATION
A man bought a new 12v 110 Ah lead acid battery for the dc home lighting system. And he had another 12v 110ah battery which is about 8year old (which is connected earlier in the same lighting system in my house itself) . But the old one has approximately 25ah capacity as i calculated.
But it is not sufficient to glow light for about 5 hours of night.(i.e. From 6pm to 11pm) but want to use old and new Battery. But i can't join them in parallel, as old one may takes charge from new battery, which decrease the life of new one.
Therefore, a 'Two-way' switch was presented to switch on and off between old and new battery. Whenever lighting system controller shows red light, i.e. At about 11.5v, i manually operate the two way switch to switch on the new battery.
This circuit is used to switch on and off between two batteries in such a way that, initially lighting system operates with old battery and as the voltage of old battery decreases (below 11.5v) then only switch on to new one.
1.2 AIM / OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The aim of this work is build an automatic device that switches from one battery to another in time of low battery experience. At the end of the project the student involved shall be able to understand the operating principle of a relay.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This device works on a principle of selector switching system for automatically toggling of two different dc source. And also the system enable automatic switching of two different battery such that when one of the battery is at work the second battery gets charged and when it is fully charged it switches over to the second battery for charging and vice versa.
1.4 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
- This circuit can be used as a home lighting system with few modifications.
- It can be used to drive other DC loads like a DC motor of any electronic appliance or other toy applications.
- It can be used to switch appliances with two different dc sources.
1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT
This device is mainly designed to appliances with dc supply.
1.6 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of the work is to avoid power interruption on device whose power source depends on the battery, and to replace manual switching of battery to automatic.
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This device makes it to possible to switch between his old and new inverter batteries automatically, eliminating manual interventions.
1.8 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, aim, objective, purpose, significance, limitation and application of the study were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER TWO: The complete chapter two of “design and construction of an automatic battery switch” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of “design and construction of an automatic battery switch” consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on “design and construction of an automatic battery switch” was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of “design and construction of an automatic battery switch” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of “design and construction of an automatic battery switch” consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of “design and construction of an automatic battery switch” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of “design and construction of an automatic battery switch” consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of “design and construction of an automatic battery switch” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of “design and construction of an automatic battery switch” consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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