This project is titled the design and construction of an automatic door alarm system using passive infrared. It is designed to indicate when someone or an intruder opens the door of homes or industries.
A security gate system is designed to be placed on door in homes to provide security by alerting the residents that the gate is being opened. When a door is opened the buzzer will beep indicating that the gate is opened. The buzzer sounds at 110 or 120 decibels. That sound level is loud enough to be heard throughout most homes.
However, the aim of this project is to design a security door alarm system that will give an indication whenever any door in a home is opened through an infrared beam.
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
The need for having home protection has always been there. But in the recent times, considering a dramatic rise in petty crimes like robbery and theft, the need has been more strongly felt to have a fool proof protection of the belongings and the family members. Home security has come a long way in the last few decades. It was in the hands of a guard who manually provided surveillance during nights in the earlier days, but it was not fool proof as it was only normal for him to have momentary lapse of concentration.
The guard was also susceptible to sleep at times. It was then that home alarm system based upon electronic circuits were developed which proved to be highly reliable and were appreciated by the people as they were relieved from constant monitoring of their homes.
This automatic door alarm using PIR sensor is designed to indicate when someone or an intruder opens the door of homes or industries. A security gate system is designed to be placed on door in homes to provide security by alerting the residents that the door is being opened. When a gate is opened the alarm will blow indicating that the gate is opened.
The main principle of the circuit is to provide security. This is based on PIR sensor with an IC that produces siren. The PIR sensor detects the IR radiations emitted from the humans and it produces an output. Thus it produces the sound when any human is detected.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to secure our home from intruders more especially in a home security personnel is not used. It indicates when a door is open. This system alerts the resident even when they are sleeping whenever someone enters their premises.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Significances of an automatic door alarm system are as follows:
- This device functions as an electronics watch dog. This device functions as a major security alarms used in residential, commercial, industrial, and military properties for protection against burglary (theft) or property damage, as well as personal protection against intruders.
- Easy to Operate: this system come fitted with sensitivity setting which can be provided externally on a dial or with internal settings.
- Thus sound produced can be heard from the speaker when human is detected
- Materials of Construction: this system is protected the against corrosion.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
Generally, in security systems, infrared or laser transmitters and receivers are used. But these methods are cost effective. This work explains about PIR based security system in which PIR sensor is used instead of transmitter or receiver. This saves the power consumption and is low cost. PIR sensor is the short form of Passive Infrared Sensor.
The PIR sensors are more complicated than the other sensors as they consist of two slots. These slots are made of a special material which is sensitive to IR. The Fresnel lens is used to see that the two slots of the PIR can see out past some distance. When the sensor is inactive, then the two slots sense the same amount of IR. The ambient amount radiates from the outdoors, walls or room, etc.
When a human body or any animal passes by, then it intercepts the first slot of the PIR sensor. This causes a positive differential change between the two bisects. When a human body leaves the sensing area, the sensor generates a negative differential change between the two bisects. The infrared sensor itself is housed in a hermetically sealed metal to improve humidity/temperature/noise/immunity. There is a window which is made of typically coated silicon material to protect the sensing element.
This work is based on PIR sensor with an IC that produces siren. The PIR sensor detects the IR radiations emitted from the humans and it produces a digital output. This digital output is applied to the UM 3561 siren IC. Thus it produces the sound when any human is detected.
1.5 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
- This can be used in the museums to protect the valuable things.
- This can also be used as an automatic door bell circuit that rings the bell when human is detected.
- This can be used in defense applications to detect the humans in war field.
- This can be used in toy applications that produce sound.
1.6 LIMITATIONS OF PROJECT
- PIR sensor pot should be adjusted in such a way to detect the humans only.
- This can detect the human only within its range of 5 meters.
1.7 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to an automatic door alarm using PIR sensor. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of an automatic door alarm using PIR sensor were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of an automatic door alarm using PIR sensor. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
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