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TITLE PAGE
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC HAND SANITIZER
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, design and construction of an automatic hand sanitizer by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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Using hand sanitizer reduces microbial counts and kills many harmful germs that could infect human being with the flu and other viruses. In order to keep a healthy and thriving environment, it’s critical that we take into account the health of our environment. Providing an automatic hand sanitizer for employees, at desks and in communal areas, is just as essential as providing the right equipment and tools for ourselves. In this work we have taken the automatic hand sanitizing made it a technological engineering wonder of touch-less Hand sanitizing. The machine comprises a housing having a top portion and a bottom portion. The top portion is spherical shaped structure comprising a fluid injection system for injecting antiseptic to users’ hands. The bottom portion comprises the same structure. The machine further comprises a wash basin coupled in the interior of said box shaped structure with circular opening under where the used water or liquid soap pass through, an electronic eye for detecting the insertion of hands in said wash basin and a control unit for timing the activation of said antiseptic. This research work has successfully presented a functional and highly efficient low cost sensor controlled hand sanitizing which is usable in different places within our geographical environment. The main aim of this work is to build a device that will automatically detects a human body nearby to the washing machine by the usage of proximity sensor and then allows the flow of water or antiseptic.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- BENEFITS OF THIS DESIGN
- METHODOLOGY
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- REVIEW OF HAND SANITIZING
- HOW GERMS SPREAD
- SUBSTANCES USED FOR HAND SANITIZING
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF HAND SANITIZING
- REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES
- KEY LOCATIONS FOR HAND SANITIZER
- SELECTING THE RIGHT HAND SANITIZER
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
- COMPONENTS USED
- DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED
- WORKING PRINCIPLE
- CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
- CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
- WORKING OF AUTOMATIC HAND SANITIZING MACHINE
- PROGRAMMING THE ARDUINO BOARD
- DESIGN CODE
CHAPTER FOUR
TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS
- INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
- ECONOMIC OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT VIABILITY
- RELIABILITY
- MAINTAINABILITY
- PROJECT EVALUATION
- RESULT ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Importance of hand sanitizing cannot be over-emphasized, especially in developing nations where eating with hands is a common practice. In some developing cultures, there is always the reluctance of hand washing before meals; and in some, hand washing has become a culturally accepted norm. Eating with the hands was going on for generations before anyone thought of washing their hands first. So along the way, through technology and hygiene practices, people become educated in the improvement of hand sanitizing.
An automatic hand sanitizing machine is an automated hand sanitizing machine invented by Richard Kwarteng and his team in Kumasi. This machine was invited to fight against the novel coronavirus pandemic by not touching the tap before and after sanitizing hands. Richard Kwarteng said he took inspiration from the veronica bucket when he and his team was inventing the machine (Bonney Abigail, 2020)
Hand sanitizing is the single most important way of preventing the spread of infections, according to the US Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. Unwashed or poorly washed hands are very common way of spreading many diseases such as: cold, flu, ear infections, strep throat, diarrhea and other intestinal problems. Germs and viruses causing these diseases are passed on by such routine things as handling food, touching door knobs, shaking hands and putting mouths on a telephone receiver. And in our daily activities we practice one of these either in the offices, at home, in the market places, in the classroom and so on. Good hand washing practices have also been known to reduce the incidence of other diseases, notably pneumonia, trachoma, scabies, skin and eye infections and diarrhea-related diseases like cholera and dysentery, according to World Health Organization (WHO). The promotion of hand washing or sanitizing with soap is also a key strategy for controlling the spread of Avian Influenza (bird flu). After the incidence of SARS-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in 2003, more and more people on their daily lives gave more attention to health habits; the daily number of hand- sanitizing increased than before. This prompted us to contribute with this project as a way to increasing the practice of hand sanitizing in our society so as to remain healthy.
This machine is specially designed for use in the offices, public restroom and as well for the general domestic sanitizing of the hands at home. It dispenses antiseptic automatically. It is handy and easy to use.
As for the automatic type, it turns on and off automatically as it senses any object with energy or heat. In this case, the unnecessary waste of fluid or antiseptic can be avoided. Therefore with all these benefits, the automatic hand sanitizing machine are becoming increasingly popular among schools, families, dining halls, companies or any other public places.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Due to higher level of spreading of diseases such as corona virus, constant sanitizing of hands was recommended which is to be carried out without making contact with sanitizing devices as recommended by the world health organization (WHO). Because of this problem of virus spreading this device was invented to solve the problem of making contact with the sanitizing machine.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE SUDY
The following are the objectives:
- To enhance the level of hygiene wherever applicable.
- To increase the level of awareness of people as regards to the proper hand sanitizing in accordance with the policy of the National Orientation Agency in Nigeria.
- To solve a considerable fraction of the problems associated with hands sanitizing, so as to reduce the risk of disease transfer, between individuals.
- To expose the fact that the proper hand sanitizing after holding or touching objects, using the toilet and even transfer/exchanging money between individuals, will geometrically reduce the rate and/or presence of ill health in the area in question.
The purpose of this work is to enhance regular hand sanitizing among the people in a safe, cost-effective and hygienic manner.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The sanitizing machine is powered by a sensor which allows an individual to sanitize their hands without touch the tap. When sanitizing hands the sanitizing fluid comes out from the tap first for individual to sanitize their hands.
1.6 APPLICATION OF THE STUDY
An automatic hand sanitizing machine could be used in public places and homes, has been developed in conformity with the World Health Organisation’s (WHO).
1.7 BENEFITS OF THIS DESIGN
Hygiene: Hands sanitizing is an effective way of preventing the spread of germs. Automatic hand sanitizing machine require very little maintenance, and with the development of no-touch technology, there is no need to touch any bacteria-laden surfaces in the process.
- Cost: Due to the constant maintenance and refills that come along with manual hand sanitizer, automatic hand sanitizer is a cost-effective solution. Automatic hand sanitizing machine last several years and require little maintenance, decreasing the total cost for maintaining the restroom.
- Waste: Automatic hand sanitizing machine also have more environmental benefits than manual operated hand sanitizer. Switching to the use of automatic hand sanitizer in a public restrooms can be helpful to reduce waste as well as energy.
Dealing with the limitation, the only limitation seen in automatic hand sanitizer is that:
- The operating costs are quite high compare to other means of hand sanitizing system.
- It cannot work when power supply fails.
To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:
- Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
- Draw a block diagram.
- Test for continuity of components and devices,
- Design and calculation for the work was carried out.
- Studying of various component used in circuit.
- Construct the whole circuit.
- Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
This research work has successfully presented a functional and highly efficient low cost sensor-controlled hand sanitizing machine which is usable in different places within our geographical environment and settings such as hotels, homes, hospitals, executive offices, restaurants, schools etc. as way of adopting a good hand sanitizing process or procedure hence improving hygienic condition of individuals; and this eliminates the transfer of facal pathogens from one person to another.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
Working on this topic as my project is a good idea and it comes at the right time. I am suggesting that this particular topic should also be given to other students both in higher and lower class.
This device was limited to be powered with the mains supply, I hereby recommend that a solar power should be built with the device in order for it to be used during power failure.
Different Solenoid vales have different operating voltage and current rating, make sure your solenoid operates on 12V and consumes not more than 1.5A maximum.
DESIGN PICTURES
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of design and construction of an automatic hand sanitizer is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of design and construction of an automatic hand sanitizer consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on design and construction of an automatic hand sanitizer was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of design and construction of an automatic hand sanitizer is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of design and construction of an automatic hand sanitizer consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of design and construction of an automatic hand sanitizer is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of design and construction of an automatic hand sanitizer consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a design and construction of an automatic hand sanitizer is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of design and construction of an automatic hand sanitizer consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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