DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC LIVESTOCK WATERING SYSTEMS FOR PASTURE
BY
EGBUDIWE INNOCENT .N
EE/2007/181
BEING A PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B.ENG) DEGREE IN ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING CARITAS UNIVERSITY, AMORJI-NIKE ENUGU.
AUGUST 2017
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this work was carried out by, EGBUDIWE .N. INNOCENT of the department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Caritas University Amorji-nike, Enugu.
___________________ Date: _____________
Engr. E.C. Aneke
Project Supervisor
___________________ Date: ________________
Engr. C.O Ejimofor
Head of Department
__________________ Date: ________________
External supervisor
DEDICATION
The work is dedicated to the almighty God who with all his conglomerate efforts made my dream come true.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My Profound gratitude goes to God Almighty who gave me good health and the strength throughout the period of this project. To my parents and siblings, I say a very big thank you for your financial and moral support during and after the completion of this project.
As livestock operations have intensified, farm operators can no longer depend on traditional means of watering their grazing herd. In the past, farmers pastured their cattle where they were allowed direct access to a natural source of water. Due to intensive land use and increased stocking rates, more effective watering systems are needed to protect watercourses and to improve the availability of good quality water. To ensure good herd health status and animal performance, livestock should be kept away from streams, ponds, wetlands and ditches and alternative watering systems developed. Livestock can also damage the riparian zone by destabilizing the bed and banks of the watercourse, the vegetation , and adding pathogens and excessive nutrients to the water. Limiting access to specific points by fencing along the watercourse and stabilizing certain areas greatly reduces negative impacts. However, total exclusion from the watercourse is recommended to eliminate contamination and degradation. Improved pasture management practices such as rotational and strip grazing require a more flexible watering alternative. The system should encourage uniform nutrient distribution over the pasture and reduce trampling and overgrazing near watering areas. The aim of this work is to design a system which automatically supplies water to livestock whenever their water dries up.
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