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TITLE PAGE
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC NIGHT LAMP USING TRANSISTOR
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of an automatic night lamp using transistor" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This work "design and construction of an automatic night lamp using transistor" research material is a complete and well researched project material strictly for academic purposes, which has been approved by different Lecturers from different higher institutions. We made Preliminary pages, Abstract and Chapter one of "design and construction of an automatic night lamp using transistor" visible for everyone, then the complete material on "design and construction of an automatic night lamp using transistor" is to be ordered for. Happy viewing!!!
This work is on auto night lamp using high power LED. An Automatic Night Lamp Using High Power LEDs is a circuit which turns ON the LED lights interfaced to it at night time and it turns OFF the lights automatically when it is day.
This project discuses the working of turning on or off of high power LEDs with light intensity. The element which is used for sensing light in the circuit is the light dependent resistor. The resistance of the light dependent resistor depends on the light incident on it. If the intensity of light incident on it is more, then the resistance of the circuit decreases. If the intensity of light incident on it decreases, then the resistance of the device increases. We are making use of this property of the light dependent resistor to detect the light and thereby operate the LEDs.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- AIM OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION
- METHODOLOGY
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- REVIEW OF LIGHT SENSOR
- LDR STRUCTURE AND WORKING
- REVIEW OF THE MAJOR COMPONENTS USED
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
- SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
- OPERATION OF THE SYSTEM
- CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS
- CASING AND PACKAGING
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
- INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETED DESIGN
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Automatic Night Lamp is a simple yet powerful concept, which uses transistor as a switch. By using this system manual works are 100% removed. It automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the visible region of our eyes. This is done by a sensor called Light Dependant Resistor (LDR) which senses the light actually like our eyes. It automatically switches OFF lights whenever the sunlight comes, visible to our eyes and activates the morning alarm. By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because nowadays the manually operated street lights are not switched off even the sunlight comes and also switched on earlier before sunset. In this project, no need of manual operation like ON time and OFF time setting. LDR and transistor are the main components of the project. The resistance of light dependant resistor (LDR) varies according to the light falling on it. This LDR is connected as biasing resistor of the transistor. According to the light falls on the LDR, the transistor is operated in saturation and cut off region. This transistor switches the relay to switch on / off the light. This project uses regulated 12V, 750mA power supply. 7812 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac out put of secondary of 230/18V step down transformer.
1.2 AIM OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to build a circuit which turns ON the LED lights interfaced to it at night time and it turns OFF the lights automatically when it is day.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
At the end of this work, students involved will be able to:
- Build this device
- know the connection, working principle and functions of light dependent resistor.
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of this work is to have an automatic means of switching night light. The system turns ON the LED lights at night time and it turns OFF the lights automatically when it is day.
1.5 SCOPE OF TH PROJECT
This circuit automatically turns on a night lamp when bedroom light is switched off. The lamp remains ‘on’ until the light sensor senses daylight in the morning. A super-bright white LED is used as the night lamp. It gives bright and cool light in the room. When the sensor detects the daylight in the morning, a melodious morning alarm sounds.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This device is very useful in that it distinguishes daylight and dark hours. This device eliminates the need of switching the Porch lamp or Backyard lamp daily and also helps to switch ON or OFF the premises of the house when the occupants are out of station.
1.7 PROBLEMS OF THE PROJECT
One of the problems of this device is that any opaque material can trigger the device, such as human shadow, movement of animals or ants across the sensor can trigger the system.
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
Project uses regulated 12V, 750mA power supply. 7812 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac out put of secondary of 230/18V step down transformer.
The circuit also uses LEDs as lamp. Usage of LEDs is growing day by day due to the advantages they provide compared to the conventional filament bulbs or fluorescent lamps. They provide good quality of white light with a better intensity compared to others. They also consume less power compared to their alternatives. These are the advantages which the LEDs encourage us to use them compared to their alternatives. And transistors are used as switch.
1.9 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
- Useful for automatic outdoor lighting or garden lighting at home.
- Useful for automatic switching of street lights.
- Useful for switching the hoardings on and off automatically.
- Useful for self-switching operation of displaying title hoardings of companies.
- Useful as a light detector circuit when the pin of the ic is reconfigured.
- Useful as a dark activated switch.
1.10 METHODOLOGY
To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:
- Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
- Draw a block diagram.
- Test for continuity of components and devices,
- Design of the device was carried out.
- Studying of various component used in circuit.
- Construction of the circuit was carried out. The construction of this project includes the placing of components on Vero boards, soldering and connection of components,
- Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.
1.11 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to automatic night lamp. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of dark activated alarm were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of automatic night lamp. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF LIGHT SENSOR
There are different types of light sensors available, but for better efficiency of the system, LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) is used as sensor light switch in this light activated switch. The LDR sensor has some special features as it changes its resistance with the change in the daylight intensity. LDR is rugged in nature, hence can be used even in dirty and rough external environments like outdoor lighting of homes and in automatic street lights as well…
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and construction of an automatic night lamp using transistor" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and construction of an automatic night lamp using transistor" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "design and construction of an automatic night lamp using transistor" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and construction of an automatic night lamp using transistor" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and construction of an automatic night lamp using transistor" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and construction of an automatic night lamp using transistor" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and construction of an automatic night lamp using transistor" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a "design and construction of an automatic night lamp using transistor" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "comparative analysis of bitter kola, moringa oleifera seed, and wonderful kola used for waste water treatment" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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