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TITLE PAGE
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of an digital soil moisture tester" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on Electrical and Electronics Engineering has been approved.
By
Engr. --- Engr. ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
Engr. ---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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A soil moisture meter is useful for the indication of the amount of water content of a given soil sample. This information is especially useful to people involved in the management of irrigation systems and to other professionals who need to measure soil water contents. This project focuses on the design and implementation of a digital soil moisture meter that uses the 555 integrated circuit timer as a major component of the design. The 555 timer was configured so that the probes connected to the soil indicate the resistance of the soil under test and hence the water content of the soil. The digital soil moisture meter was calibrated and the reading, which is displayed on a liquid crystal display panel, ranges from 0.01 to 9.96 ohms-centimeters for very dry soil to very wet soil. The blinking of a bank of light-emitting diodes connected to the meter visually indicates the moisture content of the soil being sampled. The meter was constructed and packaged so that it is very portable and can be used by farmers and other professionals on the field.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
1.2 AIM OF THE PROJECT
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
1.6 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
1.7 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
1.8 PROBLEM/LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
1.9 PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
2.2 REVIEW OF RELATED TERMS
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.2 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.4 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.5 CIRCUIT OPERATION
3.6 IMPORTANCE AND FUNCTION OF THE MAJOR COMPONENTS USED IN THIS CIRCUIT
3.7 POWER SUPPLY UNIT
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
4.0 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.1 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.2 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.3 TESTING
4.4.1 PRE-IMPLEMENTATION TESTING
4.4.2 POST-IMPLEMENTATION TESTING
4.5 RESULT
4.6 COST ANALYSIS
4.7 PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
5.3 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Crop production requires water at different stages of production from generation through to harvest and also at different amounts. This water is stored in the soil where the crop is planted. The water may come from rainfall or from irrigation. Where water is by irrigation, it is important to measure soil moisture from time to time to be able to know the soil moisture status and determine the amount of water to apply. As irrigation based farming developed, water management became important, stressing the need to measure soil water content and the use of water by plants [1, 2, 3, 4].
Nyle et al., [5] described soil as comprising four components namely gas phase (soil air), liquid phase (soil water), solid phase (mineral matter), and organic matter. Soil water (moisture) is held in the soil as a result of forces which invariably control their availability to plants and also control infiltration and soil moisture tension. The availability of water for plants can be enhanced if adequate moisture is stored at the root of plants.
The different techniques and methods that have been developed to measure soil moisture include hand-feel and appearance method, gravimetric and volumetric direct measurement method, dielectric constant soil moisture probe and meter, neutron probe moisture meter, gypsum- porous blocks/electrical resistance sensors, tensiometers, capacitance sensing, Trime FM3 moisture meter and T3 Access tube probe, CS616 (CS615) water content reflectometer, and digital soil moisture meter, among others [6, 7]. Soil moisture meters have been used for monitoring the soil moisture content in irrigation farms. It is also important in the scheduling of irrigation and estimating the amount of water to apply in irrigation. In the estimation of evapotranspiration and proper interpretation of soil-plant relationship, there are complex moisture meters (sensors) used by agriculture and gardening professionals as part of a larger weather monitoring of irrigation systems. Such moisture meters are generally used to record soil moisture along with a collection of other weather related data [8, 9, 10].
The digital soil moisture meter (DSMM) is an electronic device which measures soil moisture content accurately and precisely. It is simple, compact, portable and auto ranging i.e. the internal circuitry selects the proper range for the meter. Values are processed by digital circuits and are displayed on a liquid crystal display (LCD) with decimal values displayed automatically [11]....
CHAPTER ONE: The complete chapter one of this work is available. Order full work to download. Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, scope, objective, the need (benefit), limitation and problem, advantages of this work was discussed.
CHAPTER TWO: The complete chapter two of “design and construction of an digital soil moisture tester” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of “design and construction of an digital soil moisture tester” consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on “design and construction of an digital soil moisture tester” was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of “design and construction of an digital soil moisture tester” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of “design and construction of an digital soil moisture tester” consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of “design and construction of an digital soil moisture tester” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of “design and construction of an digital soil moisture tester” consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a “design and construction of an digital soil moisture tester” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of “design and construction of an digital soil moisture tester” consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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