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TITLE PAGE

 

BY

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--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of an intelligent traffic control system for a cross junction, incorporating digital display and alarm" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

By
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Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

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External Invigilator

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

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This paper includes the design and implementationof an intelligent traffic control system.This is acompletetrafficmanagementsystemwhichhasbeenabletoreduce traffic jams and congestion on simulated environment. Itdetectsthenumberofvehiclesoneachroadanddependingonthevehicles load on each road, this system assigns optimized amountof waiting time (red signal light) and running time (green signallight).Thissystemisafullyautomatedsystemthatcanreplacetheconventional pre-determined fixed-time based traffic system witha dynamically managed traffic system. It can also detect vehiclecondition on road and auto-adjust the system according to thechanging road conditions which makes the system intelligent. Thedesigned system can help solving traffic problems in busy cities toa great extent by saving a significant amount of man-hours thatgetlostwaitingonjammedroads. The system also give a ringer alarm when the traffic is abused and displays the status of the traffic via an LCD.Thisresearchfocusesonfactors,low-costimageprocessing and trafficload balancing.

  

TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0      INTRODUCTION
1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
• AIM AND OBJECTIVE  OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT
• DEFINITION OF TERMS
• METHODOLOGY
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO
2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW

• REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
• EXISTINGSYSTEM
• PROPOSEDSYSTEM

CHAPTER THREE
3.0     METHODOLOGY
3.1     SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2      SYSTEMDESCRIPTION
3.3     HARDWAREDESCRIPTION
3.4     SOFTWAREREQUIREMENT
3.5     SYSTEMPERFORMANCE
3.6     MATHEMATICAL MODULE
3.7     VERIFICATIONOFRFIDTAG

3.8     CHECKFORIR SENSOR

3.9     EFFICIENCYCALCULATIONS

3.10 SYSTEMDESIGN FLOWCHART

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0      TESTING AND RESULTS

• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
• INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN 
• ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
• CASING AND PACKAGING
• MOUNTING PROCEDURE
• TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE
1.0                                     INTRODUCTION
1.1                       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
One of the byproducts of the rampage of technologicaldevelopment, advancement and modernization is Traffic Jam.Nowadays,itisaverycommonphenomenoninourdailylives.Thisisspeciallyahugeproblem incongestedcities in Nigeria. Trafficjamisactuallyoneofthelargersocialproblems.Astudy has found that people yearly lose 8.15 million hours, 40percentofwhichareworkinghours–intrafficjams (Khan, 2015).IncitiesofNigeria – Lagos State,trafficismainlycontrolled by two ways. One way is to use traffic lights andchangethelightsatapre-determinedfixedtimeintervalsandintheotherwaytrafficpolicesdotheworkmanually.Bothofthemare wasteful processes. Sometimes in a cross-section of roads(junction) we see that one side has lower congestion than theotherside,butasthelightsarechangingatfixedtimeintervals,the jam on the road which has higher congestion keeps getting worse.On the other hand,most of the traffic polices are unaware othe situation at places away from him/her. It is also very hard to look ate very sideofajunctionconstantlybyonepersonanddecidecorrectlyhowtoguidethetraffic.Howeverindeveloped countries,automationhasbeenintroducedintrafficmanagement.
At present, there are two available approach tocontrol traffic. One is by sensing vehicles with pressure plateson road and the other one is by using RFID tags on numberplatesandplacingRFIDreadersonroad.Bothmethodsareveryexpensive to implement when the traffic jam is very long.Another approach is surveillance camera based traffic sysStemwhere traffic is monitored and manually controlled from acontrolroom.Inthiscasereal-timeimageanalysisisappliedonthe live video footage to aid the personals in the control roomwith traffic observation. This is the most adopted method fortraffic controlling these days. In our research we are proposingabettersolutiontothisproblem.Usingcomputers’visualabilityand analytical capability we have built a system which candecidewhichroadneedstobeclearedquicklyanddynamicallychange the time intervals and changing the signal accordinglyandautomatically.Inourresearchwehaveconstructedacomplete, fully automated and intelligent traffic managementandcontrolsystemforroadintersections.
However, this work is aimed at building an intelligent traffic lighting control system for a cross junction with digital display and alarm. Thedesigned system can help solving traffic problems in busy cities toa great extent by saving a significant amount of man-hours thatgetlostwaitingonjammedroads. The system also gives a ringer alarm when the traffic is abused using RFID and displays the status of the traffic via an LCD.

1.2                           STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Traffic congestion is an increasing problem in cities and sub urban spend more of their time commuting to work, school, shopping, and social event as well as dealing with traffic light jambs and accidents. Traffic became heavy in all directions, more to and from cities as well as between sub urban locations. Sub urban business locations required huge parking lots because employees have to drive; there were few buses trains, or trolleys to carry scatter workers to their work place. The hope of reduced congestion in the sub urban had not been realized; long commutes and traffic jams could be found everywhere.
1.3                                   AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The main aim of this work is to build an intelligent traffic lighting control system for a cross junction which digital display and alarm. The objectives of this research work are:

• To design and implement an intelligent traffic control system.
• To provide the quickest possible clearance to vehicular and pedestrian traffic in all directions at a junction.
• To reduce the stress of the traffic warder.
• To reduce the occurrence of possible accident.
• To verify the efficacy of the program.

1.4                             SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The important of this research work are:

• It will help in reducing the occurrence of possible collision or accident and thereby improve the confidence of the driver and the pedestrian plighting through the highways.
• The project to allay the fear of time wastage at the junctions because of unevenly directions of traffic system.
• Since the system is capable of working for 24hours uninterrupted thereby assured constant availability of traffic control service hence reduce human effort and energy.

1.5                                    SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope is this work covers the building of an intelligent traffic control system. The system has the capacity of detecting when a traffic is abused and then give an alarm. The status of the traffic is detected using IR Sensors.IR sensors detect the traffic density at traffic monitoring junction. These IR sensors will find out the density of the traffic density at that road. These sensors are interfaced to Microcontroller. With the detection of traffic density from IR sensors microcontroller will control the traffic signals accordingly on basis of density oftraffic. The status of the device and that of the traffic on a four-way junction is been displayed via the LCD.
1.6                               LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
i. Infrared sensors work only for fewer distances.
ii. We have to arrange infrared sensors in accurate manner otherwise they may not detect the traffic density.
iii. it is built to be used in a four – way junction
1.7                                BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT

• Intelligent Traffic System will help all travelers get where they need to go in time. Intelligent Traffic System will provide better information on available services to travelers who cannot or choose not to drive including those who are mobility or sight-impaired.
• Intelligent Traffic System will also help make it easier to pay for transport services. The future will include a single electronic payment mechanism to pay for fuel, tolls, public transport fares, parking, and a variety of other charges that busy travelers encounter every day. Intelligent Traffic System will help convey the needs and interests of transport system customers to the people who manage the system, helping to ensure a transport system that is responsive to those needs and interests. Intelligent Traffic System will help managers of the transport system to make services safer and simultaneously available for motorists, cyclists, pedestrians, and users of public transport.
• Intelligent Traffic System will help focus the transport system on meeting the needs of all its customers. Better meeting customer needs means a renewed focus on customer service and effective operations

1.8                                   DEFINITION OF TERMS
Traffic Light: A road signal for directing vehicular traffic by means of colour lights, typically red for stop, green for go, and yellow for proceed with caution.
Intelligent Traffic System: refers to information and communication technology  that improve transport outcomes such as transport safety, transport productivity, travel reliability, informed travel choices, social equity, environmental performance and network operation resilience.
1.9                                         METHODOLOGY
To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

• Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
• Draw a block diagram.
• Test for continuity of components and devices,
• Design and calculation for the device was carried out.
• Studying of various component used in circuit.
• Construction of the circuit was carried out.
• Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.9                                             PROJECT ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied,  chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.

CHAPTER FIVE
5.1                               Conclusion and recommendation
As the whole system is automated, it requires less human intercession. With vehicle violates ready message notice sending done alongside ringer sign. Emergency vehicles like ambulance need to achieve their goals at the most punctual. In the event that they invest a considerable measure of energy in congested roads. With crisis vehicle freedom, the activity flag swings to green and the length of the crisis vehicle is holding up in the movement intersection. The signal swings to red, simply after the crisis vehicle goes through. As of now, it is actualized framework by thinking of one as street of the activity intersection.
In future for improve framework we Add ZIGBEE Module to upgrade framework As ZIGBEE extremely helpful in remote sensor arrange. We can utilize Road Divider idea. At the point when activity thickness High at one side Divider will move to another side for leeway of movement.

 

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CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and construction of an intelligent traffic control system for a cross junction, incorporating digital display and alarm" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and construction of an intelligent traffic control system for a cross junction, incorporating digital display and alarm" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "design and construction of an intelligent traffic control system for a cross junction, incorporating digital display and alarm" was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and construction of an intelligent traffic control system for a cross junction, incorporating digital display and alarm" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and construction of an intelligent traffic control system for a cross junction, incorporating digital display and alarm" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and construction of an intelligent traffic control system for a cross junction, incorporating digital display and alarm" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and construction of an intelligent traffic control system for a cross junction, incorporating digital display and alarm" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "design and construction of an intelligent traffic control system for a cross junction, incorporating digital display and alarm" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and construction of an intelligent traffic control system for a cross junction, incorporating digital display and alarm" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

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