DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN IR BASED OBSTACLE DETECTION FOR LOAD SWITCHING USING 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
The system attempts to actuate a load based system as soon as Infrared Rays collide with an object. In industries this system is used to take up an action as soon as an object is encountered on the conveyor belt. The system uses an IR receiver that receives an Infrared signal that is generated using an IR diode. These IR sensors are interfaced to a microcontroller of the 8051 family. The IR transmitter constantly transfers rays to the IR receiver which in turn constantly sends output to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is then used to read the signal as soon as an object is encountered and then actuate the load. Here a simple lamp is used to demonstrate as a load. The lamp is actuated by microcontroller through a relay. As soon as the microcontroller receives the IR receiver signal, it switches on the relay which then turns on the lamp.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Wastage of electricity is one of the main problems which we are facing now-a-days. In our home, school, colleges or industry we see that fan/lights are kept on even if there are nobody in the room or area/passage. This happens due to negligence or because we forgot to turn lights off or when we are in hurry. To avoid all such situations we have designed this project called “ir based obstacle detection for load switching project”. The main concept behind this project is known as “Visitor counter” which measures the number of persons entering in any room like seminar hall, conference room, classroom. This function is implemented using a pair of Infrared sensors. LCD display placed outside the room displays this value of person count. This person count will be incremented if somebody enters in the room and at that time lights are turned on. And in a reverse way, person count will be decremented if somebody leaves the room. When the number of persons inside the room is zero.
1.2 AIM OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of the project is to develop a system for the detection of obstacle and switching the load according to the detection using IR sensor.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The project uses 38 KHz IR signal generated feeding an IR diode which is received by tuned IR receiver. These IR sensors are interfaced to a microcontroller of 8051. The IR transmitter continuously transmits rays over the receiver and when these rays are blocked by any object an interrupt is sent to the microcontroller.
The microcontroller according to program written performs the desired action. A lamp is used as load in this project for demonstration purpose. This lamp is actuated by a relay which is interfaced to the microcontroller output. So when the interrupt is sent to the controller, it in turn switches ON the relay to actuate the load.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This device is helpful in industries for sensing movement of material in a conveyor belt for any action to be taken.
1.5 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
This device is useful in the following places such as:
- home,
- school,
- colleges
- or industry for conveyor belts, lifts and many industrial types of machinery.
1.5 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this study were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of the study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
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