DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN RFID BASED DOOR LOCK SYSTEM
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TITLE PAGE
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN RFID BASED DOOR LOCK SYSTEM
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of an rfid based door lock system" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on Electrical and Electronics Engineering has been approved.
By
Dr. --- Dr. ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
Dr. ---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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Traditional lock systems using mechanical lock and key mechanism are being replaced by new advanced techniques of locking system. These techniques are an integration of mechanical and electronic devices and highly intelligent. One of the prominent features of these innovative lock systems is their simplicity and high efficiency.Such an automatic lock system consists of electronic control assembly which controls the output load through an RFID card. This system demonstrates an RFID and biometric based door lock system wherein once the correct RFID card is inserted the door is opened and the concerned person is allowed access to the secured area. Again if another person arrives it will ask to enter RFID card. If the RFID card is wrong then door would remain closed, denying the access to the person.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- AIM OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF RADIO-FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION
2.2 REVIEW OF RADIO FREQUENCIES IN ACCESS CONTROL
2.3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF RADIO-FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION
2.4 DESIGN OF RADIO-FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2 FUNCTIONS OF THE SYSTEM BLOCK
3.3 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM
3.5 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
3.6 PROGRAM EXPLANATION
3.7 PROGRAM CODE
3.8 POWER SUPPLY UNIT
3.9 MICROCONTROLLER UNIT
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
4.0 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.1 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.2 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.3 TESTING AND RESULT OF SYSTEM
4.4 DESIGN CALCULATION
4.5 PRACTICAL LIMITATIONS
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
5.3 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The security situation in many parts of the world today leaves much to be desired. In Nigeria particularly, the prevalence of armed robbers and other groups that constitute nuisance to the society has led to the loss of lives and properties worth millions of dollars. Many of the attacks that led to the loss have occurred in the homes or in guarded compounds and the attacks took place in spite of the existence of seemingly impregnable security gates that were designed to ward off intruders. The needs for electronically controlled gates that have superior security features to those operated manually thus exist and have been on the increase in recent times. This device consist of a card reader, Electromagnetic lock or door strike. Power supply system and a push button. To use this system, the authorized card user when approach the reader will just have to use the cardkey. Once the correct data is present to the reader system, through an interface the locking / door holding devices will be de-energized and the door can be push open. From inside of building to exit the building the person will just have to press a door lock release switch and the system will release the lock. A power back-up unit will be incorporated into most access control system, this will act as standby power in the event there is a power outage. For certain safety requirement a break glass is incorporated into the system for emergency release of the door. This device is better than the password based access controlled in the sense that passwords belonging to one individual can be learned by another without the owner’s permission. This device uses Radio frequency identification. Radio frequency identification (RFID) has been used in conjunction with arduino microcontrollers to control gates. This system is only required to close and open gates and has a very limited security feature. In the work done by Adewuyi et al. [11, 12] surveillance cameras are used to capture and recapture the face of the driver as well as vehicle plate numbers. These data are stored in a databank for future comparison with visitors who will only be able to gain entry into a compound through gates if the data match. The system has the disadvantage that users must have been properly documented to enable them pass through the gate.The system that has been designed in this work uses microcontrollers, radio-frequency transmitter/receiver pair as major components. The microcontroller commands a transmitter module to send out this code as signal at a given radio frequency. Upon reception of this RF signal by the receiver module, another microcontroller activates a driver circuitry to operate the gate automatically. Some advantages of the system include:
(i) It operates as a stand-alone system and does not require a network provider for reception of signals.
(ii)The features of the system that are controlled by the firmware resident in the memory of the microcontrollers can be easily improved for future upgrade.
(iii) it has two different access controlled unit, that is, using RFID card.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The main objective of this project is to develop an embedded system, which is used to verify and authenticate the authorized person entering a restricted room or area. This verification is done via RFID card.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
Main purpose of the Access Control is to begin with is to protect human assets. This requires restricting unauthorized people from reaching pre-defined areas. This security can be achieved by using RFID card, when the user approaches the entrance door where the access controlled door is been used.
- Control Access based on User, Zone and Time
- Palm Vein and Multispectral Biometric Fingerprint Access Control
- Secure Sensitive Areas with Advanced Access Control Features
- Centralized Monitoring and Control of Multiple Devices and Locations
- Get Real-time Notification on Exceptions
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- This project provides security
- Power consumption is less
- Used commonly available components
- Project is simple and easy
- This device makes provision for alternative access for the user. For example if the user forgets the RFID card, then the finger print can be used to have access to the place he wants to enter.
1.6 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
This simple circuit can be used at residential places to ensure better safety.
- It can be used at organizations to ensure authorized access to highly secured places.
- With a slight modification this Project can be used to control the switching of loads through RFID card.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The main component in the circuit is the controller, RFID transmitter/receiver.
Main concept behind Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based Security system is to allow the access only to an authorized persons. RFID card has to be shown in front of the RFID reader, then the access is allowed or denied to the respective person/RFID card.
1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT
It is a low range circuit, i.e. it is not possible to operate the circuit remotely.
- If there is no power supply and the battery is not charged, it is not possible to open the door.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Secure Area: A designated area in which access into and out of is controlled and can be monitored.
Secure Door: A door in which access through is controlled and can be monitored.
Shielding: Providing electrical isolation for a circuit, component, or wire by enclosing or isolating the circuit, component, or wire with a metal enclosure, plate, or foil that blocks any interfering electrical field.
Short Circuit: An unintentional connection that provides a low resistance path between two points in a circuit or between a point in a circuit and ground. A Short Circuit can drastically affect the operation of a circuit. If excessive current flow results from the Short Circuit, a device may be damaged or ruined.
Signature Verification: A biometric identification method using a person's signature characteristics (writing speed, pen pressure, shape of loops, etc.) to identify that person.
Spike: A voltage peak of high amplitude and short duration.
Smart Card: An identification card or access control card with a built-in integrated circuit chip. This gives the card microprocessor memory and intelligence to use for storing data. Also Known As - Chip-In-Card.
Suppression: The addition of a device to an electrical circuit that minimizes or prevents transients from affecting the proper operation of that circuit.
Switch: A device used to either connect or interrupt an electronic circuit.
1.10 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to RFID door lock system. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of RFID door lock system were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of RFID door lock system. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER TWO: The complete chapter two of “design and construction of an rfid based door lock system” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of “design and construction of an rfid based door lock system” consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on “design and construction of an rfid based door lock system” was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of “design and construction of an rfid based door lock system” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of “design and construction of an rfid based door lock system” consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of “design and construction of an rfid based door lock system” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of “design and construction of an rfid based door lock system” consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of “design and construction of an rfid based door lock system” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of “design and construction of an rfid based door lock system” consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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