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TITLE PAGE

 

BY

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--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work ''design and construction of automated door opening system using ultrasonic sensor'' by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

By
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Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

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External Invigilator

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

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PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This work ''design and construction of automated door opening system using ultrasonic sensor'' research material is a complete and well researched project material strictly for academic purposes, which has been approved by different Lecturers from different higher institutions. We made Preliminary pages, Abstract and Chapter one of ''design and construction of automated door opening system using ultrasonic sensor'' visible for everyone, then the complete material on ''design and construction of automated door opening system using ultrasonic sensor'' is to be ordered for. Happy viewing!!!

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Opening and closing of doors have always been a tedious and boring job, especially in places like;hotels, shopping malls, theaters, etc where a person is always required to open and close the door for visitors.This humaninvolvementcan be avoidedby automatingtheprocess usingdifferentsensors likeinfrared,pressure, ultrasonic, laser etc. In this paper, automatic door control system using Arduino microcontroller wasdesigned. The system combines ultrasonic sensor, servo, and Arduino to achieve the desired goal. When theultrasonic sensor installed at the entrance of the building detects a person or an object within the range of thesensor, a signal is sent to the Arduino microcontroller which controls the servo motor to automatically open thedoor. The door remains open until the object goes out of range of the sensor andin turn closes the doorautomatically. The results clearly show that the system is cheap, effective, and a reliable means of opening andclosingdoorsinplaceslike retailstores, supermarkets,factoriesand the like.
KeywordsArduino,UltrasonicSensor,Automation,ServoMotor,ArduinoIDE,PWM

TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1      Background of the project

• Problem of the study
• Aim and objectives of the project
• Scope of the project
• Significance of the project
• Limitation of the project
• Application of the project
• Project organisation

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

• Review of related studies
• Review of Door system design and mechanism
• Sensor classification based on property
• Review of ultrasonic sensor
• Review of ultrasonic distance sensor workings
• Uses ultrasonic sensors
• Types of ultrasonic sensors

CHAPTER THREE

• METHODOLOGY
• HardwareOverview
• SoftwareOverview
• system block diagram
• ControlFlow diagram

CHAPTER FOUR
TESTING AND RESULTS

• Construction procedure and testing
• Installation of the complete design 
• Casing and packaging
• Assembling of sections
• Testing of system operation
• Result

CHAPTER FIVE

• Conclusion
• Limitation
• References

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                                  INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study
The market for automated doors is growing and becoming more specialized. The type of product that fits bestwith a particular application is determined by frequency of operation, speed of operation required, new versusexistingconstruction, trafficflowandcost.
Automaticdoors areanormalfeatureinmany commercialbuildings andinfrastructures such as shoppingcenters and airports, as well as in industrial environments such as factories. Although they come in variety oftypes,including sliding,swing,folding,etc;theyallneedto conformto thehigheststandardsofsafety.
Inanindustrialenvironment,automaticdoorsenablesthesettemperatureincoldstorageroomstobemaintainedbyfastopeningand closing,leadingtoconsiderableenergy efficiencyandreductionofcost.Automated doors in commercial facilities are the preferred means of access for all users, not only people withdisabilities, and are significant aid to accessibility. Moreover, their use minimizes heat or air conditioning loss,maintaininga constanttemperatureandconsequentlysavingmoney.
Arduino based door automation system was developed to automate the process of opening and closing of doors.The system uses ultrasonic sensor to detect the presence of an object within the range of the sensor andautomatically opens the door or closes the door when the object goes out of range of the sensor.
In our system, upon detecting an object by theultrasonic sensor, it sends an information to the Arduino microcontroller who in turn controls the servo motor toopen the door and keep it open until the ultrasonic sensor sends another information that the object is no longerin its range of detection. That is, the sensor keeps the detection area under surveillance by emitting ultrasonicwaves.
1.2   Problem statement
People may have difficulty accessing the entry door of hotels, hospitals, offices or even their house because it is difficult for them to turn a key or they cannot maneuver a wheelchair into a position to either open the door or grasp the doorknob. This project the design and construction of ultrasonic based automatic door opening system is aim at solving the difficulty and problem of opening doors manually. The problem/difficulty is solved by using a microcontroller that triggers an ultrasonic sensor to emit ultrasonic wave to the surrounding.
1.3 Aim and objectives of the study
The main aim of this work is to build a device that will automatically open a door by detecting the presence of human approaching the door. The objectives of the study are:

• To build the system prototype
• To eliminate human labour involve in opening and closing of doors
• To provide a means of assisting the disabled.

1.4   Scope of the study
The scope of this study covers building an automatic door opening system using a microcontroller that triggers an ultrasonic sensor to emit ultrasonic wave to the surrounding. When the ultrasonic wave hits a target (e.g. Human being) it reflects. The reflected wave gets to the receiver of the ultrasonic sensor which makes a pin (echo pin) of the ultrasonic sensor to be 0volts. The microcontroller is programmed to introduce a voltage (5v) to its pin (pin 37) when the echo pin is 0volts. The 5volts is sent to a relay via a transistor to excite a motor attached to a door to rotate clockwise (door opened). The door closes when the pin (echo pin) is 5volts at then no ultrasonic wave is reflected (i.e. no targets) and the microcontroller is programmed to introduce a voltage (5v) to its pin (pin 38) which is sent to another relay via a transistor to excite the motor attached to the door to rotate anticlockwise (door closed).
1.5  Significance of the study
This study shall serve as a means of making the student and reader of the thesis to understand the importance and advantages of having an automatic doors and also make them to understand the operation and working principle of the ultrasonic sensor.
Limitation of the project

• The establishment of electric entryways involves a good amount of money related use. This ranges from buying the gate to services for installation. to paying for the administration of the installers.
• Most of the companies give free after sales services to a certain period of time. However, it is super costly after the time period is lapsed.
• In case of power failure, malfunctioning system or anyone trapped inside your property can cause inconvenience.
• This device has a limited range to cover.

1.6  Application of the project

Ultrasonic based automatic door aren't just used for home security only. In industrial fields, they are used on assembly lines to keep track of the number of products and to shut down dangerous equipment if a person gets too close. Here are a few other ways PIR sensors are used [M.I. Skolnik, 1999]:

• To open and close automatic Doors
• To turn on and off automatic water faucets and toilets
• To turn on lights when a person enters a room
• To control ATM displays
• At automatic ticket gates
• For some parking meters

1.7  Projectorganisation

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1  Conclusion
This paper presented a prototype of Arduino bases door automation system using ultrasonic sensor and servomotor. The door automation system uses ultrasonic sensor to detect presence of human or an object within itsradar and sends a signal to Arduino microcontroller who instructs the servo motor to open the door and keeps itopen. Once the object is out of the ultrasonic sensor radar, it sends another signal to the microcontroller for it toinstructthe servomotortoclose the doorautomatically.
Since the door is opened only when a person is detected and remains close all other times, it can save a lot ofenergyintheformairconditioningandcanbe usefulforagedanddisabled person.

Limitations
Although this technique is successful in opening and closing the door when a person or objects are detected, thesystem is not capable of understanding the type and the intention of the objects. For instance, a puppy or apassing pedestrian may accidentally trigger the door and cause a false opening action. Frequent false action isnot only annoying, and results in air conditioning energy waste, but also reduces equipment lifetime. Also thesystemonlyserve entrybutnonewassetupexitingusingthesamedoor.

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CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of ''design and construction of automated door opening system using ultrasonic sensor'' is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of ''design and construction of automated door opening system using ultrasonic sensor'' consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on ''design and construction of automated door opening system using ultrasonic sensor'' was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of ''design and construction of automated door opening system using ultrasonic sensor'' is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of ''design and construction of automated door opening system using ultrasonic sensor'' detector consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of ''design and construction of automated door opening system using ultrasonic sensor'' is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of ''design and construction of automated door opening system using ultrasonic sensor'' detector consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of ''design and construction of automated door opening system using ultrasonic sensor'' is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of ''design and construction of automated door opening system using ultrasonic sensor'' detector consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

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