DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC FAN CONTROL USING PIR SENSOR AND LM35D SENSOR
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TITLE PAGE
BY
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--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of automatic fan control using pir sensor and lm35d sensor" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
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Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
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---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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This work is on automatic fan control system.This device is designed with Arduino microcontroller, PIR sensor and LM35D which is quite useful for conference halls, auditoriums, cinema halls, and other commercial organizations where many people gathered together, and lot of fans are required at these places. So in this project we will provide two functions. First one is, control the turned on/offthefanwithrespecttothehumandetectionratherthantheuseofmanualswitchingsystem.Otherfunctioniscontrolthespeedofa fan with respect of temperature set. In this project Arduino Uno forms the processing part. Which firstly detect the human withthe use of PIR sensor and senses the temperature with the use of LM35(Temperature sensor). Arduino Uno senses the temperatureandcontrolthespeedwiththesettemperature.Thisissetbytheuser.Whenthecurrenttemperatureisgreaterthanorequaltothe set temperature the fan turned on otherwise it will stay off. For turning on here should be two condition supposed to be true.Oneisobjectdetectionandotheroneistemperatureshouldbeappearingatsettemperature.Afterturningonthefanspeedwillbechangeaccordinglywithtemperature.Whenever thetemperature willbeincrease fan speedwillbeincrease.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
ABBREVIATION
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THEPROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FANS
- REVIEW OF AN ELECTRIC MOTOR
- REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEMPERATURE CONTROLLERS AND THEIR WORKING PRINCIPLE
- DEFINITION OF TEMPERATURE SENSOR
- TYPES OF TEMPERATURE SENSORS
- REVIEW OF RELATED WORKS
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND CONNECTION
3.3 BILL OF MATERIALS
3.4 WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT
3.5 SOURCE CODE/PROGRAM
CHAPTER FOUR
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
- CASING AND PACKAGING
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- LIMITATION
- FUTURE SCOPE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In our country especially in rooms switching on or off electrical fans is still commonly made by manual switches Hence, peopleare becoming so busy that they forgot to turn off switches after leaving the room. The world temperature is increasing rapidly so anew technology is required to adapt to this varying temperature Theneed for automatic system is the concern of today’stechnology.
There are two functions in this system. Switching on and off control according to human detection and Speed control of the fanaccordingtotemperature.FanspeedwillbechangedautomaticallyaccordingtotemperatureusingLM35andfanwillbeturnedon when the temperature will appear to 270 C and when human will enter the room. Fan will be turned off when human will leavetheroom.TemperatureandspeedinformationwillbedisplayedinaLEDscreen.Temperaturesensor(LM35)willsensestheroom temperature. The speed of the fan is controlled by using PWM technique according to the room temperature. PIR sensorsused to detect the people who are entering or leaving in the room .PIR sensors allow to sense motion, almost always used to detectwhetherahuman has moved in or outof the room.
1.4 PROBLEMSTATEMENT
Traditionally fan ON/OFF and speed adjustment is done manually by the user which can lead to waste of energy when the user forgot to switch OFF the fan thereby increasing electric bill. Secondly, switching on/off of the fan can still become a problem to a physically challenge person especially for any kind of visual impaired and short-heighted persons. To address these problems, the automatic fan control was proposed. This device switches ON the fan whenever an object (human) is detected and OFF the fan when no object is detected. It also controls the speed of the fan automatically according to the room temperature.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of this work is to build a device that uses a PIR sensor to turn a fan ON/oFF and an LM35 sensor to control the speed of the fan with PWM.
The objectives of this project are:
- To control the speed of a fan according the set room temperature.
- To design an automatic fan controller using temperature and motion sensor.
- To replace the manual operation of an electric fan.
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The main purpose of this work is to create an efficient fan so that when we use the fan there is no need to manually set speed and on / off, or when we forget to turn off the fan we don't need to fear more electricity costs.
The scope of this study covers building an automatic fan controller that uses PIR sensor as an on / off device with input detects human or human movement.LM35 sensor as a fan switch with indoor temperature input, when the room temperature is getting higher then the speed of the fan is also getting higher, and vice versa. We also use the IRF530N transistor because the supply voltage is 12 Volts.
1.6 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
This device can be used for temperature control electrical appliances such as:
- Air conditioner
- Refrigerator
- Fan,
- furnace
- water-heaters,
- snow-melters,
- ovens,
- heat-exchangers,
- mixers,
- furnaces, incubators, thermal baths, and veterinary operating tables.
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
The advantages of such a system are less energy usage, and provides more convenient to the consumers.
Working on this topic exposes our knowledge to the how our home appliances can automatically controlled. This work serves as a means of becoming conversant with motion sensor (PIR), temperature sensor (LM35) and arduino.
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this work was discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of the study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
This paper elaborates the design and construction of fan speed control system to control the room temperature and turned on/off control automatically with the human detection. The temperature sensor was carefully chosen to gauge the room temperature, and motion sensor was chosen for detect the human Besides, the microcontroller had been used to control the fan speed using the fan speed in rpm and the Arduino was successfully programmed using C/C++ Language to compare temperature with standard temperature and set fan speed and their values displayed on LCD. Moreover, the fan speed will increase automatically if the temperature room is increased. As conclusion, the system which designed in this work was perform very well, for any temperature change and can be classified as automatic control.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
The device (automatic fan control) has been designed, tested and system was able to respond to its operation. This work was built with quality wiring and contains many connections, I recommend that if failure occur, it should be troubleshoot by a qualify personnel along with the circuits diagram.
This project was built for Educational purposes. If one wants to use it for industrial or home applications, I recommend that a hook should be attached to the casing that would allow fixing the system on the wall.
Working on this topic (automatic fan control) as my project is a good idea and it comes at the right time. I am suggesting that this particular topic should also be given to other students both in higher and lower class.
5.3 LIMITATION
Arduino Uno is the heart of the circuit. If controller is damaged the whole system will be interrupt.
5.4 FUTURE WORKS
In the future, simulating this system there are several improvements can be made in order to upgrade the features such as---
- Using a wireless technology to interface sensor and microcontroller, monitor and control the temperature via internet.
- When temperature exceeds the limit a call will be dialed to the given number by an automatic dialed system.
With this circuit, an alarm circuit can be added and used effectively in large equipment’s where the risk of being overheated and explosions are the serious problems, in various industries.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and construction of automatic fan control using pir sensor and lm35d sensor" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and construction of automatic fan control using pir sensor and lm35d sensor" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "design and construction of automatic fan control using pir sensor and lm35d sensor" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and construction of automatic fan control using pir sensor and lm35d sensor" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and construction of automatic fan control using pir sensor and lm35d sensor" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and construction of automatic fan control using pir sensor and lm35d sensor" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and construction of automatic fan control using pir sensor and lm35d sensor" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "design and construction of automatic fan control using pir sensor and lm35d sensor" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and construction of automatic fan control using pir sensor and lm35d sensor" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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