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TITLE PAGE

 

BY

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--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work ''design and construction of automatic school bell using microcontroller'' by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

By
---                                                     . ---
Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

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External Invigilator

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

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PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This work ''design and construction of automatic school bell using microcontroller'' research material is a complete and well researched project material strictly for academic purposes, which has been approved by different Lecturers from different higher institutions. We made Preliminary pages, Abstract and Chapter one of ''design and construction of automatic school bell using microcontroller'' visible for everyone, then the complete material on ''design and construction of automatic school bell using microcontroller'' is to be ordered for. Happy viewing!!!

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Nowaday’smanyschool/collegebellsaremanuallyoperated.Hencethereisahugedemandofaccuracy. In market there are many digital clocks available with bells but rings only at specific time and cannot stopafterspecifictime. Hereanewandinexpensivedesignisbeing presented. Thebenefitofthisdesignis thatthebellringsat the start of each period without any human intervention to a great degree of accuracy and hence takes over the manualtask of switching on/off the college bell with respect to time. It uses Real Time Clock (DS1307) which tracks the realtime. The scheduled time results are related with that of a clock, conversely, some drift is noticed, which is irrelevant.The microcontroller ATmega2560 is used to control all the functions, it gets the time through the keypad and stores it inits memory. When this programmed time equals the real time then the bell is switched on via a relay for a predeterminedtime. The bell ringing time can be edited at any time, so that it can be reused again and again at normal class timings aswellasat examtimes.Alsoitcanbemadepasswordprotectedsothatnounintendedpersoncanoperatethissystem exceptfortheoperator.ForthisamicrocontrollerhastobeprogrammedusingtheClanguageorassembly languageforcontrollingthecircuit.
KEYWORDS:DS1307RTC,Relay,ATmega2560Microcontroller,&LC

TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0      INTRODUCTION
1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

• OVERVIEW OF SCHOOL BELL
• REVIEW OF BELL RINGER
• HISTORICAL BACKCKGOUND OF SCHOOL BELL
• DESCRIPTION OF TIME MANAGEMENT
• THE IMPORTANCE OF TIME MANAGEMENT IN LECTURE
• REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

CHAPTER THREE
3.0     METHODOLOGY
3.1      SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2      SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
3.3      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.4      HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
3.5      SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
3.6      POWER SUPPLY UNIT
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0      TESTING AND RESULTS

• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
• INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN 
• ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
• TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
• RESULT AND DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1                                             background of the study

In today’s life, everyone gives importance to time. Time does not wait for anybody. Everything should be performed intime and with accuracy. Now a day’s school/college bells are operated manually. Hence there is a big question of accuracy.Also there is necessity of manpower and money.Hence here we have presented a system, which saves our manpowerand money and also give highest accuracy. A bell is a percussion instrument used in schools and colleges that indicates thestudents when it is time to go to the class in the morning and when it is time to change classes during the day. No otherinstrument can do such a work. So it is an important instrument in both primary and secondary schools and even in theindustries and other businesses where the bell timer plays a critical role throughout the day. Clock towers can be heardover long distance which was especially important in the time when clocks were too expensive for widespread use. Andalso due to literacy awareness the number of colleges, schools and institutions are rapidly increasing. At present bells forperiods in schools are operated manually. After every class, one employee is engaged into operating the bell. Automaticcollege bell helps us to avoid this. This design takes over the task of ringing the bell in colleges as the bell would ringautomatically at the schedule time. It has a Real Time Clock(DS1307) which tracks over the real time. When this timeequals to the bell ringing time, then the relay for the bell is switched on. The real time clock is displayed on LCD display.Thisisverywonderfuldesigntocontrol theworkingofcollegebell.
1.2    Problem Statement
School bells have been a critical part of all our childhoods which is managed, monitored, timed and always ringed by human being. As a result of the human beings’ control timing, monitoring and ringing can be wrong-timed. But with the advent of technology as many things have been digitalized the school bell has experienced technological advanced.

• Storing entire day timetable with timings
• Sounding buzzer at the end of every period
• Displaying the name of current and next period
• Ability to reprogram the board at any time

1.3      Aim and objectives of the study
The main aim of this work is to build an school bell using microcontroller. The objectives of the project are:

• To build the system prototype.
• To Store entire day timetable with timings
• To ring the school at the right time

1.4      Scope of the study
The scope of this work covers building a digital school bell and schedule time display system using microcontroller using Inbuilt Real Time Clock (DS1307 /DS 12C887) which tracks over the Real Time. When this timeequals to the Bell Ringing time, then the Relay for the Bell is switched on. The Bell Ringing time can be edited at anyTime. The microcontrollerwasprogrammedusingtheClanguageorassembly languageforcontrollingthecircuit.
1.5      Advantages of the Project
i. It is an automation system.
ii. Human errors can be avoided.
iii. Safety is assured.
1.6      Applications of the project
i. It is used in colleges, schools.
ii. Also used in industries.
ii. In railway station and airport.
iv. Digital watches, washing machine, oven.
1.7 Project Organization

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuss the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1                                                                CONCLUSION

The basic design of the Automatic School Bell (mainly for Primary and Secondary Schools) in this work remains thesame though extra functions can be included. This will ring the School Bell at pre-scheduled times of periods on eachday.Thereare differenttimesperperiodvaryingfromoneschooltotheother.Thebasicdesignprovidesanopportunity of selecting the suitable time schedule for every school by momentarily pressing one of the push-to-onswitches. This signals the microcontroller to carry out the specific task, thereby ringing the bell at a regular timeinterval. Therefore, from the results obtained, it can be concluded that the aim of this work has been practically andtheoreticallyachieved.
5.2                                                  RECOMMENDATIONS
The device (digital school bell using microcontroller) has been designed, tested and system was able to respond to its operation. This work was built with quality wiring and contains many connections, I recommend that if failure occur, it should be troubleshoot by a qualify personnel along with the circuits diagram.
This project was built for Educational purposes. If one wants to use it for industrial or home applications, I recommend that a hook should be attached to the casing that would allow fixing the system on the wall.
Working on this topic (digital school bell using microcontroller) as my project is a good idea and it comes at the right time. I am suggesting that this particular topic should also be given to other students both in higher and lower class.

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CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of ''design and construction of automatic school bell using microcontroller'' is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of ''design and construction of automatic school bell using microcontroller'' consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on ''design and construction of automatic school bell using microcontroller'' was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of ''design and construction of automatic school bell using microcontroller'' is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of ''design and construction of automatic school bell using microcontroller'' detector consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of ''design and construction of automatic school bell using microcontroller'' is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of ''design and construction of automatic school bell using microcontroller'' detector consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of ''design and construction of automatic school bell using microcontroller'' is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of ''design and construction of automatic school bell using microcontroller'' detector consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

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