DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN ELECTRIC COOKER
This project entails the design and construction of an electric cooker, the cooker is powered by electricity because it is cheap and readily available. The energy conservation in this electric cooker involves the conversion of electrical energy to heat energy in the system. Materials used for the construction were selected based on their reliability availability, maintainability and durability. The device was tested and found to be working properly.
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
The invention of electricity in the 18th century by Michael faraday brought about a new dimension in the art of cooking. The ease with which electricity can be applied directly to cooking led to the development of specified cooking devices. Cooking has become simpler and easier provided there is steady supply of power.
Electricity heating is the passage of electric current through a resistance wire to produce heat (converting electrical energy to heat energy). It is the only method by which an exact amount of heat can be produced precisely at the point where it is needed. Electricity heating is used in many home appliances such as electric driver, cookers, oven e.t.c to heat rooms and industrial processes, to provide high temperature required in various industrial processes, and heat lamps used for drying paint, baking and relief of muscular pain e.t.c.
The utilization of electrical energy for cooking has not been popular in the recent past and this is because it has for long been neglected in favour of the direct use of gas and oil for cooking in our homes, while the former is faster, more economical and easily available provided there is constant supply of electricity and the later is expensive, but as these fossil fuels diminishes, however the use of electricity for cooking purpose becomes more attractive option. (Louis et al, 1999) electric cooker is a device or a unit which converts electrical energy into heat energy used mostly for cooking, baking and roasting. It provides better cooking and permits efficient use of electricity, it is quick to use and it is relatively quite and devoid of any pollutant to the environment. The major importance of electric cooker which people tends to neglect is that, it helps to check desert encroachment due to deforestation caused as a result of cutting down of trees in forest to be used as fire ? wood (means of cooking), it also help in conserving of human energy and cost of cutting down and transportation of the firewood to the place where it is needed.
1.1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF STUDY
HEATING EFFECT
Electrical cooker is an appliance that works basically by the heating effect of electric current on conductors. Sometime, this heating effect is an inevitable waste of power for instance, in transmission of electricity on power lines in which the voltages at the terminals is evolved due to the heating of electric current.
However, the heat produced by the flow of electricity is utilized by many or equipments used at home and industries some of the practical applications of the concept are found in electric cooker, electric oven, and electric space heater inexhaustible.
Heat which is a form of energy is transferred across a boundary of a system and given to another system or surrounding at a lower temperature by virtue of temperature difference between them. The heat is only identified across the system boundary (Welty et at, 1976). Heat is of great importance to man on earth for their daily needs. It is with that electricity is generated, food is cooked and houses are warmed.
Heat, by which electric cooker operates on is generated by electricity of which materials used for the construction must have thermal capabilities and suitability to serve as heating element.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of the design and construction work is to understand the working principle of electric cookers, adapting it to our local condition using as much as possible locally made available materials. It is also important to determine the thermal capacities of various materials and the compatibility to serve as heating element.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This project work is intended to serve as a catalogue and manual for the construction, installation, maintenance and repair of different possible faults in electric cookers, it is also of a great benefit to the department and society as it will serve as medium of knowing the principle of operating the model work. It serve as an alternative means for cooking instead of using the gas cooker, solar cooker and the firewood.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
There is no upper limit to the temperature obtained except the ability of the material to with stand heat.
1.5 DELIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
1. There is freedom of location and general adaptability.
2. It entails good cooking condition, cleanliness, quietness and ambient temperature.
3. Uniform of temperature within narrow limit.
4. Capital cost, running and maintenance cost of electric cooker are low.
5. There are no deposits of ash carbon dirt in an electric cooker.
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
1. It cannot be used were there is no electricity, since it make use of electrical energy.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
THERMOSTAT: This is an electrical device design to heat up bend and open the circuit when excessive current flows and close the circuit when the heat reduces. It can also be defined as an automatic regulator that control the amount of current that heat up the circuit.
HEATING ELEMENT: This is a conductor material that is designed to heat up when connected to current flow. It converts electric energy into heat energy.
OUTLET PLUG: This is an electrical device design with two or three metal pins that fit into holes in a socket to make an electrical connection.
SWITCH: This is a device used to connect or break the flow of electric current in a circuit.
INDICATOR (LAMP): This is a device which glows like a bulb indicating the working status of a connection.
CABLE: A cable is a material or conductor use in conveying electric current from one point to another.
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to an electric cooker. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of an electric cooker were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of an electric cooker. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
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