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TITLE PAGE

 

BY

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--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

DECEMBER,2018

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of  energy based prepaid meter" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

By
---                                                     . ---
Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

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External Invigilator

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

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It is realized that one of the defective subsystems adding to the tremendous budgetary loss in Power Supply Company is the conventional metering and charging framework. Mistakes get presented at each phase of charging the energy rates, similar to blunders with conventional meters, reading errors by human while noticing the consumed energy; and blunder during the preparation of paid and the due bills. The solution for this downside is a prepaid charging or billing framework of consumed energy. Most of the developing countries are shifting their conventional energy management practices to the modern one by replacing the old and conventional energy meters with the smart meters outfitted with the prepaid facility to quantify the power consumption so as to decrease the income deficits looked by utilities because of customer unwillingness to make consumed energy payments on time. This proposed design embedded with GSM technology is advancement over conventional energy meter, which enables consumer to effectively manage their electricity usage. This device enables consumers to recharge the electricity balance, just by sending a SMS. It can also disconnect the home power supply connection, if there is low or zero balance in the system. TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER PAGE TITLE PAGE APPROVAL PAGE DEDICATION ACKNOWELDGEMENT ABSTRACT CHAPTER ONE 1.0      INTRODUCTION 1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT PROBLEM STATEMENT AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT PROJECT ORGANISATION CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AN ELECTRIC METER REVIEW OF UNIT OF MEASUREMENT OTHER UNITS OF MEASUREMENT TYPES OF METERS REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY REVIEW OF NINE DIGIT LCD DISPLAY PARTS OF FIRE ALARM CHAPTER THREE 3.0      METHODOLOGY 3.1      BLOCK DIAGRAM 3.2      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 3.3      CIRCUIT OPERATION 3.4     CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 3.5      PARTS LIST 3.5     HOW TO CONNECT ENERGY METER WITH ARDUINO 3.6      CALCULATION OF PULSES AND UNITS 3.7      PROGRAMING EXPLANATION 3.8      METER SETUP BLOCK DIAGRAM 3.9      METER SETUP WIRING DIAGRAM 3.10   POWER SUPPLY UNIT CHAPTER FOUR 4.0      TESTING AND RESULTS CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS CASING AND PACKAGING MOUNTING PROCEDURE TESTING 4.6   BILL OF ENGINEERING MEASUREMENTS AND EVALUATION CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCES CHAPTER ONE 1.0                                        INTRODUCTION 1.1                        BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT Electric energy consumed by the power devices is measured by a gadget known as an energy meter. Since 1980s, the energy meter’s journey started. When there were large energy meters which have been made with lots of innovations in energy meters to reduce its size and also the weight. Particularly, enhancement in accuracy, specifications and features of energy meters has been a topic of discussion. In Nigeria, electromechanical energy meters were used for a long time. These meters work by checking and figuring the quantity of turns of an electrically directing metal plate which is made to rotate at a speed in respect to the power experiencing the meter. Those electromechanical energy meters are being supplanted by the newly digitized meters due to different problems like there is no way to upgrade those energy meters, its accuracy was limited and those meters were easy to manipulate because direction of revolving disc can be easily reversed. Nowadays, digital energy meters can measure voltage, current and power also but electromechanical energy meters can only measure active power. Digital meters measure energy usage by highly integrated circuits, by capitalizing the voltage and current that gives the instantaneous power in watts. Digital meters show usage of electricity in digits on a liquid crystal display and those meters are highly accurate, inexpensive, theft reluctant, etc. The latest form of digital meter is the prepaid meter. A prepaid electricity meter is a KWH (Kilowatt Hour) meter, measuring electrical consumption. The main difference is that this KWh meter counts backwards as the electricity is consumed and has a relay (an automatic switch) which disconnects the power when the KWh reading on the meter reaches zero. It further incorporates hardware which has the ability to decipher the pin number entered and convert it to KWh. In this work we are focusing on Prepaid Electricity Energy Meter using GSM which is a good concept in which you can recharge its balance, like we do in our mobile phones. In this project we are building a automated system by using Arduino and GSM module. You can recharge the electricity balance through this system, just by sending a SMS. It can also disconnect the home power supply connection, if there is low or zero balance in the system. And this system will reads the energy meter readings and automatically send some updates to user’s mobile phone like low balance alert, cut off alert, resume alert and recharge alert. 1.2                                 PROBLEM STSATEMENT There are many problem associated with the conventional meter. Following are some problems observed in those energy meters which should be rectified by using GSM based prepaid meter: Meter reading and other related tasks like bill payment are performed by a large number of staff i.e., large number of employees are required. An expansive number of staff is utilized for meter reading and other related assignments like bill payment. Billing errors due to carelessness of meter readers during meter reading and sometime billing estimation. Consumer has to stand in queue for hours for bill payment. Careless usage of electricity by consumer who is unaware of its cost. Consumers are not bound to pay bill on time 1.3                   AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT At the end of this work, student involves shall be able to construct a digital types of electricity billing meter that sends electricity billing information to the user via SMS this device that does the following work: at the end of this work, students involved shall be: Able to build this device that does the above function. Able to learn how to embed arduino and GSM module with prepaid meter 1.4                       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT The functions of this device are what make it different from other types of prepaid meter. Such functions are: It recharge  electricity balance through SMS, It can also connect or disconnect the home power supply connection, if there is low or zero balance in the system.  And this system will reads the energy meter readings and automatically send some updates to user’s mobile phone like low balance alert, cut off alert, resume alert and recharge alert.

1.5                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The main purpose of this work is to provide a simple, low cost and easy means of recharging, monitoring or reading our energy consumed in our homes, offices or industries.

1.6                              BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT
There are many benefits of this project:

1. Pay according to your current income situation.
2. Reduce electricity consuming when income is tight.
3. No billing errors.
4. No debt money.
5. No need of extra staff for meter reading.
6. Customer will be responsible for disconnections.

1.7                               APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
This device can be used in places, such as:

1. Homes
2. Offices
3. Workshops
4. Industries
5. Worshiping centres, etc.

1.8                                     PROJECT ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,  chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.

CHAPTER FIVE
5.1                                                           CONCLUSION
The advancement in power distribution system is non-stop process and new technology is always in progress. In this paper, an Arduino and a GSM based smart prepaid energy meter has been proposed. Units are purchased by using GSM technology and those units are deduced according to electricity usage. This project presents a single-phase energy meter for domestic consumers with prepayment billing method. The significant preferred standpoint is the capacity of this system to update the current conventional meters into smart prepaid meters with a connection of Arduino and GSM (Prepaid Module). This kills the need of totally supplant the energy meters. Cost is the main important factor of this work which is quite high but will reduce from 3 to 4 times after implementation of this project. Nowadays as power supply companies need labour for meter reading after implementing this, there will be no need of so many meter readers and lots of money will be saved. The idea of prepayment electricity bill prior its usage is being gradually accepted around the world, and that’s why the market for prepaid energy metering is growing. After having many advantages, this project still needs more safety check and modification especially the GSM module for the network coverage of SIM which is being used, should be strong so that the GSM can work properly.
At the end of this work, a GSM based energy prepaid meter was built. The system was tested and functions were responding to its operation, which means that the objective of this work was achieved.
5.2                                                    RECOMMENDATION
For safety purposes and to ensure the integrity of your Electrical Compliance it is recommended that installation is performed by a Certified Electrician.
DO NOT try to install yourself if you are NOT a Certified Electrician. If you damage the meter you will NOT get a refund and if you get hurt in any way, we hold no liability or responsibility for your actions.

 

Fig. 4.1: Picture Of the layout of the work  After Soldering.

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CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and construction of  energy based prepaid meter" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and construction of  energy based prepaid meter" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related works on "design and construction of  energy based prepaid meter" were reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and construction of  energy based prepaid meter" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and construction of  energy based prepaid meter" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and construction of  energy based prepaid meter" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and construction of  energy based prepaid meter" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "design and construction of  energy based prepaid meter" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and construction of  energy based prepaid meter" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

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