The microcontroller based display board is an advert system that displays information based on a specific purpose. The system is designed to enable the viewer know the designers aim. The system comprises of different blocks of functional circuit that are put together to achieve the desired aim. These blocks include; the power supply section, the control section, the demultiplexer section and the display unit. The power supply unit is the section of the system that ensures that the system is turned ON and this section comprises of a 12- volt step-down transformer, a bridge rectifier circuit, a smoothening capacitor and a voltage regulator IC. The control section is in charge of interpreting the changes that occur in the environment. The section controls the function of all other parts of the circuit. The function of the control unit is carried out using a microcontroller (AT89S52). It is programmed to carry out the desired function.The demultiplexer section distributes signal to the display unit and allows them to light at appropriate time. This unit is achieved using a demultiplexer (74LS138). The display unit comprises of light emitting diode which are in dot matrix form. The light emitting diode is arranged in 64 columns and 14 rows.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this project is to produce a narrative description of the design and construction of a microcontroller based dot matrix advert display. Firstly computer aided design is the modeling of physical system on Computers allowing both interactive and automatic analysis of design variant and the expression of design in a form suitable for manufacturing. This follows by explaining the microcontroller based dot matrix advert display as a device which is fast gaining wide acceptance and application in the present days due to its ability to provide a very high precision timing. The dot matrix advert display can be describe as an electro-mechanical system for processing information in which the information is represented by physical quantities, which are so constrained to take only discrete values that can be referred to as binary signals. In this design we have implored the use of both hardware and software to bring about the entire project. The hardware components are solely coordinated by the AT89S51 micro controller chip while the C- programming language is used to program the chip.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
In this modern time, solid state materials have helped man to show that he really exists by doing wonders in the world of electronics. One major development, made possible by the enormous advances in solid state technology, is the “digital revolution”. Circuits are designed to implement the basic digital logic functions fundamental to all digital systems. Digital electronics therefore compasses the design, manufacture, and use of circuits for processing information in digital form [1]. Since the early 1990s schools have been on the frontline of the Information
Communication Technology (ICT) revolution. The extent of development in information dissemination has made it possible that the well known method of displaying information using sign posts, placards, notice boards, etc has to be modified by using electronic information board.
In the previous years, the means by which adverts, information, etc., are made has been through the method of the digital display board. But the use of static mode of sign display such as banners, flyers etc are becoming boring and unattractive. The new technologies of the digital age have made possible the use of programmable and reprogrammable electronics display to provide solutions to this kind of problem.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT DESIGN
Depending on ones intention, microcontroller based dot matrix advert display system have many aims and objectives. For instance, this one in particular aims at displaying a moveable coded letters that says ‘UNIVERSITY CAFETERIA” Also microcontroller based dot matrix advert display system can be used to control the traffic misunderstanding among motorists especially in junctions. This is achieved by displaying stop, get ready, or move. Some traffic control electronic system displays symbols or color that represents the stated commands above
Moreover, microcontroller based dot matrix advert display system is used in electronic scoreboard during football matches to display when a goal is scored, also to display the name of that player who scored the goal. Above all, this system has contributed a lot in boosting advertisement.
1.3 PREAMBLE
Micro controller programmable Dot matrix information display system, is a system electronically designed and constructed, that is used to display different information to the view of the masses. The information to be displayed could be diagrams, symbols, letters, colors, numbers, codes, etc depending on what is needed at a particular place and time. This without doubt, has made life easier for the people in different ways; however micro-controller, which is the heart of this system, can be described thus: A micro controller is a computer. All computers, whether we are talking about a personal desktop computer you are using is a general – purpose computer that can run any of thousands of programs. Micron-controllers are special purpose computers. Micro controllers do one thing well. There are a number of other common characteristics that define micro controllers. If a computer matches a majority of these characteristics, then you can call it a micro controller,
- Micro controllers are embedded inside some other device (often a consumer product) so that they can control the features or actions of the product. Another name for a micro controller, therefore, is embedded controller
- Micro controllers are dedicated to one task and run one specific program. The program is stored in ROM (read – only memory) and generally does not change. Micro controllers are often low power devices. A desktop computer is almost always plugged into a wall socket and mighty consumes 50 watts of electricity. A battery-operated micro controller might consume 50 milliwatts.
- A micro controller has a dedicated input device and often (but not always) has a small LED or LCD display for output. A micro controller also takes input from the device it is controlling and controls the device. Meanwhile the use of a micro-controller to implement an electronic display system design made up of LEDs connected in common cathode matrix form is referred to as micro-controller based programmable dot matrix information display system. This project design is a welcome compliment that displays ‘UNIVERSITY CAFETERIA’
1.4 JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT
Due to the various problems encountered in the manual/analog design and construction of signposts for advertisement, there is every need for an automated electronic display system that will solve this problem. This will ensure that viewers get the adequate information that is displayed in good and attractive colors. The though the manual/analog way of displaying information to the view of the people is still targeted viewer are attracted. The height in which advertisement in Nigeria have attained will be maintained if some of its design/construction operation is computerized (Micro controller based information display) especially the one’s that has to do with bigger companies. This will also maintain the good relationship between the company and its numerous customers.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This project can serve in any aspect of life this project (microcontroller based dot matrix advert display) is based on a computer aided design. In the implementation of this project, the scopes that I shall concentrate more on are: the architecture of the microcontroller port interface, multiplexing the data port control sequence and algorithm of the traffic light. The features of the AT89S51 were exploited to achieve the desired sequence of operation of this project.
This is a digital device that operates with just 0’s and 1’s. It is a microcontroller based device which uses a popular microcontroller (AT89C52). Our thoughts or desire, the data, is unprocessed information. Information is the meaningful content of a data-bearing signal. The data in which we want to publicize is written down inform of a program which will now be assembled into the memory. A program is a sequence of instructions properly ordered to perform a particular task. Thus, data are sent into the processor via the memory and latch (although a keyboard can be used if the output display is interfaced with a computer). The programs in the memory serve as an input to the processor. The glowing LEDs are controlled basically by microprocessor. Microprocessor is the heart ofthe embedded system. The processor being able to understand the program will now execute the content of the input by sending 0’s and 1’s to the decoders.
1.6 PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
One of the obvious constraints I had in the course of this project was the scarcity of sometimes outright unavailability of some of the required components in the markets. Since scarcity is followed by a hike in price, when such components were even found, they were out rightly expensive. Another major constraint I had was time constraints. I had a relatively short time to source out materials from net, libraries, etc, fully understand the underlying principles and come up with a design that would work. As a result, I had to forgo pleasure and even leisure in order to achieve this.
1.7 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
This piece of technology can be found in a number of places and are being used for different purposes.
In banks, it is used to display interest rates as well as exchange rates. In hotels and pubs, it is used to display the menu and prices.
Actually there are different areas of application of this project, numerous to mention [2]. A dot matrix display is an array of light emitting diodes (LEDs) arranged in a 7 X 7 matrix that is used to display a programmed data/information.
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of the study were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
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