This project presents design and construction of power failure alarm with auto generator starting device. In modern society, it is impossible to imagine life without electricity. Modern equipment requires a continuous supply of electricity. Not only industry, but also in the household. Take the case of an ordinary refrigerator. If you experience a power off situation, your food will be spoilt. But much more important, what if the power failure "spoils" your business. For example, uninterrupted power supply is needed for your server, which manages your accounting programmed or provides uninterrupted operation of your website.
Of course, in most critical applications, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) are used, but this is not always the case. Also, these devices cannot provide continuous operation in the event of remote power off. Often you need to take other action according to the situation.
For us to be notified when the power off condition has occurred a power failure signal device is used. This system indicates when there is power failure through alarm indication. As soon as the system experiences power failure you will receive a signal from an alarm and at the same time automatically power an auto-powering generator through a high current relay.
Power Outage signal notifies you by alarm when your electrical equipment suffers a power outage. If you have important equipment running and want to know if there has been a power cut while you're not around, this app can help. From Freezers to Fish Tanks and all things electrical, Power Outage Alarm can provide you with additional peace of mind.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE
 INTRODUCTION
1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
1.2      OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.3      SCOPE OF THE PROJECT 
1.4      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.5       LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
1.6      ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
1.7      APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
1.8      PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1      REVIEW OF ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY
2.2      TYPES OF POWER FAILURE
2.3      PROTECTING THE POWER SYSTEM FROM FAILURE
2.4      RESTORING POWER AFTER A WIDE-AREA OUTAGE
2.5      POWER FAILURE INEVITABILITY AND ELECTRIC     SUSTAINABILITY
2.6      MITIGATION OF POWER OUTAGE FREQUENCY
2.7      OVERVIEW OF 555 TIMER IC
2.8   HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF 555 TIMER IC

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION
3.1      BASIC DESIGNS OF THE SYSTEM
3.2      BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.3      DESCRIPTION OF THE BLOCK UNIT
3.4       SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.5      CIRCUIT OPERATION

CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
4.0      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.1      CASING AND PACKAGING
4.2      ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.3      TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
4.4      COST ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE
5.1      CONCLUSION
5.2      RECOMMENDATION
5.3       REFERENCES

 

CHAPTERONE
1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION
1.1                                         BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
In modern society, it is impossible to imagine life without electricity. Modern equipment requires a continuous supply of electricity. Not only industry, but also in the household. Take the case of an ordinary refrigerator. If you experience a power off situation, your food will be spoilt. But much more important, what if the power failure "spoils" your business. For example, uninterrupted power supply is needed for your server, which manages your accounting programme or provides uninterrupted operation of your website.
Of course, in most critical applications, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) are used, but this is not always the case. Also, these devices cannot provide continuous operation in the event of remote power off. Often you need to take other action according to the situation. But how do you know that the remote site has experienced a power off condition?
For us to be notified when the power off condition has occurred a power failure signal device is used. This system indicates when there is power failure through alarm indication. As soon as the system experiences power failure you will receive a signal from an alarm.
Power Outage signal notifies you by alarm when your electrical equipment suffers a power outage. If you have important equipment running and want to know if there has been a power cut while you're not around, this app can help. From Freezers to Fish Tanks and all things electrical, Power Outage Alarm can provide you with additional peace of mind.
Power failure may be caused by various factors: an overload on the power plant, a thunderstorm, cable breakage during excavations. Whatever the reason you will be notified as soon as the power failure occurred in your remote area and you can act accordingly. This system also will give a notification when the power was restored.
Power Outage Alarm works happily in the background on your Android device and will keep monitoring even when your device is asleep and the screen is off.

1.1                                                 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
Due to inconsistent supply of power, there is a growing need for an indication when there is power failure. This has lead to destruction of our electrical appliances in industry, hospitals, schools and homes. The problem of power failure can be checkmated with the use of stand-by generating set after an indication.
Sequel to the rate at which more sophisticated electrical/electronics gadgets are being procured and installed in our homes, hospitals and business premises, there is a justifiable need for a faster and more reliable change over system in an event of power outage.
In view of these considerations, this project is aimed at designing and constructing a workable power failure alarm with a auto-generator starting device which switches on the generator when power fails.

1.2                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
A failure in the power supply to some people causes only a irritant, they may have to reset a clock, but to other people especially business, they can and do cause thousands of pounds of damage. This damage may be in the form of lost food in a fridge or freezer, amounting to hundreds of naira of lost stock, it may be chemicals, medicines, and electronics.
A power cut may have cut the heater off in the greenhouse, a fan off in a computer room, it may have caused a computer to fail, there are hundreds of reasons that you need to know if there is or has been a power failure. This device is designed to inform you when the power has failed.

1.3                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
The power failure alarm with generator auto starting device, this switch is limited at performing three automatic actions;

• To automatically start a generator
• To indicate when  there is power supply
• To blow alarm when there is power failure.

1.4                                          ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
The power failure alarm unit can be operated in single or three phase system. And it has the following advantages;

• It minimizes damages to lives/equipment since it has its own monitoring system and its switching requires no human contact with the switch, thus eliminating human error. 
• It reduces its change over timing to the minimum due to its fast response to power outage.
• It maintains high quality of service through its fast and prompt response.

Moreover, the size and captivity of the unit will depend upon the load for which it will be used. The unit is also portable, easy, convenient and safe to install.

1.5                                  CONSEQUENCES OF A POWER FAILURE

• No lights in the house
• Loss of refrigeration – food spoils
• No heat or air conditioning
• No flushing toilets or running water
• Can’t cook on electric range or in microwave oven

1.6                               APPLICATION OF POWER FAILURE SIGNAL
Why someone would need a power failure signal is to notify them that the electricity is out, you may wonder. After all, isn’t it pretty obvious when there is a power outage — the lights go out, the TV doesn’t work, and all other appliances.  In most instances, it is pretty obvious when there’s a power outage, unless:

• You aren’t home when it occurs, or
• You are asleep, or
• Only one circuit is affected (inevitably it’s the refrigerator!)

For those kinds of power outages, or for blackouts that happen at your vacant vacation house, a power failure alarm is a sure-fire device to receive immediate notifications. And in the summer when there’s an increase in power outages caused by severe weather, a power failure alarm is a good investment to protect your home and family.

1.7                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This project is a power supply monitoring device that will trigger a buzzer when the mains supply cuts off. At the same time, the light emitting diode will be turned ON. This device is helpful to inform the loss of power supply to some critical installation such as a pump in a fish tank. Once the buzzer sound, one will know that there is a loss of power supply and actions need to be taken to rectify the situation by providing alternative power supply or relocating the installation.

1.8                                        PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the power failure alarm. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of power failure alarm were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of power failure alarm. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

 

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