This work is on constructing of USB mobile charger. Now the charging of your mobiles has been made easy with the help of USB outlets present in the Laptop and PC. For the charging of your mobile phone, this circuit provides you a regulated voltage of 4.7 volts. 5 volts of DC voltage and 100mA of current is being provided by the USB outlet which is well enough for the mobile phone charging slowly. We can use this circuit to charge the mobile while we are in journey also.
For constructing USB mobile charger, there is a need of USB cable and the cable must have minimum one male plug with a strip back of about 5cm having external padding and safeguard from the “uncovered” end of the USB cable. In general the USB cables are made up of four cables of colors red, while along with black and green ( along with the protestors). As the wire of green and white are used to transfer the data, so there is no need of that wire hence these wires can be trimmed (there we should need to pay attention that the wires within their padding and are not exposed). Typically black color wire is negative one while the red color wire is positive one. 5V is the voltage that we get from the USB port. And more than 500mA current cannot be supplied to the device that is attached to the USB port. Attached the power line with the USB plug examine the right polarity.
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
USB Cell phone Battery charger is an electronics device used in charging and recharging batteries when used up by the cell phone. This electronics device has the ability to stop charging when the battery is fully charged and starts charging when the battery voltage drops below the set point
The Cell phone Battery charger uses household current to put an electric charge into a discharged battery. The charger's circuits convert 240-volt household alternating current (AC) to the 9-volt direct current (DC), then regulate to 5v that the cell phone battery needs.
This charger will charge any cell phone battery that is rated 5v. It is fully automatic and will charge at a rate up to about 800mA until the battery voltage reaches a preset point at which it will switch to a very low current float charge. If the battery voltage drops again the charger will begin charging until the voltage once again reaches the maximum level and then stop charging. In this way it can be left connected to a battery indefinitely to maintain full charge without causing damage. An LED indicates when the battery is fully charged.
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objective of this project is to design a charger that will charge any cell phone battery that is rated 5v that will automatic charge any cell phone at a rate up to about 800mA until the battery voltage reaches a preset point at which it will switch to a very low current float charge.
1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
The main advantages of this cell phone battery charger over other chargers is the ability of the charger to indicate battery charging levels and also the ability to stop charging when the battery is fully charged and resume charging when the battery level drops below the set level.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The charger is made up of various basic units they are:
- The power supply units
- The smoothing circuits
- The regulating unit and
- Regulated D.C charging units
Features of this charger are as below:
- It has an indicator to indicate when the battery is fully charged
- It has a manually operated switch that is used to ON and OFF the entire system.
- It consumed less current but generate high current to the load.
1.4 APPLICATION OF CELL PHONE BATTERIES
This charger provides lightweight, high energy density power sources for a variety of devices. To power larger devices, such as electric cars, connecting many small batteries in a parallel circuit is more effective and more efficient than connecting a single large battery such devices include:
- Portable devices: these include mobile phones and smartphones, laptops and tablets, digital cameras and camcorders, electronic cigarettes, handheld game consoles and torches (flashlights).
- Power tools: Li-ion batteries are used in tools such as cordless drills, sanders, saws and a variety of garden equipment including whipper-snippers and hedge trimmers can be charged with this device.
- Electric vehicles: Because of their light weight Li-ion batteries are used for energy storage for many electric vehicles for everything from electric cars to Pedelecs, from hybrid vehicles to advanced electric wheelchairs, from radio-controlled models.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- The only problem with this device is that it takes longer time to recharge car battery because of the low current output, and it is design only for 5v cell phone batteries.
The battery is the lifeblood of your mobile phone. The designers of mobile phones try hard to minimize and use more efficiently the power that the batteries use, which in turn gives longer service from smaller, lighter cell phone batteries.
There are four basic types of rechargeable battery used in mobile phones. Let us examine the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.
Lithium Polymer (Li-Poly) Batteries
Li-Poly are the newest and most advanced technology for cell phone batteries. Ultra-lightweight, they do not suffer from memory effect and will deliver up to 40% more battery capacity than a Nickel Metal Hybrid (NiMH) of the same size.
“Memory effect” happens when rechargeable batteries are not fully discharged between charge cycles; as a result the battery “remembers” the shortened cycle and is thus reduced in capacity.
Not needing a cell casing makes Lithium Polymer cell phone batteries thinner and lighter batteries. However, they are still quite rare.
Lithium Ion (Li-Ion) Batteries
This is the current and most popular technology for cell phone batteries. The only real drawback of Lithium Ion cell phone batteries is that they are expensive. As such, they tend to be supplied with only top-of-the-line phones. Lithium Ion batteries are slightly lighter than NiMH batteries, but they also have a longer lifetime.
A Lithium Ion battery may be damaged by extensive overcharging (continuously on a cell phone charger for more than 24 hours).
Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) Batteries
Nickel Cadmium cell phone batteries are old technology. This is the rechargeable battery that most people are familiar with. NiCd batteries suffer from memory effect, and they must be completely discharged before recharging or else damage can occur. The chemicals used in NiCd batteries are not environmentally friendly, and the disposal of cadmium-rich waste is an increasing problem.
They are the cheapest variety of phone batteries. Their affordablility helps to bring down the overall cost of mobile phones.
Nickel Metal Hydrid (NiMH) Batteries
Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries claim to be superior to NiCd because they don't contain cadmium. The cell phone batteries are made from non-toxic materials and are environmentally friendly. They also deliver a higher capacity in relation to their size and weight.
NiMH cell phone batteries are relatively new technology and are prone to the “memory effect", but only to a very small extent. To maximize performance, it is advised to completely discharge the battery after every 20th recharge.
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