A wireless motion detector is a device that detects moving objects, particularly people. A motion detector is often integrated as a component of a system that automatically performs a task or alerts a user of motion in an area. Wireless motion detectors form a vital component of security, automated lighting control, home control, energy efficiency, and other useful systems. Wireless motion detector do not require drilling, and they communicate with the other security system components wirelessly.

 

CHAPTER ONE
1.1                                                         INTRODUCTION

The first motion detector was invented in the early 1950s by Samuel Bango, and which was a burglar alarm. He applied the fundamentals of a radar to ultrasonic waves – a frequency to detect fire or thief and that which human beings cannot hear. Samuel motion detector is based on the principle of Doppler Effect. Nowadays, most of the motion detectors work on the principle of Samuel Bango’s detector. IR sensors and microwave sensors can detect motion by the alterations in the frequencies they emit.
Wireless Motion detectors are used as security systems in banks, offices and shopping malls, and also as intruder alarm in home. The prevailing motion detectors can stop serious accidents by sensing the persons who are in close proximity to the detector. We can observe motion detectors in shopping malls or stores with automatic doors. The main element in the motion detector circuit is the dual infrared reflective sensor or any other detecting sensor.
An electronic motion detector contains an optical, microwave, or acoustic sensor, and in many cases a transmitter for illumination. However, a passive sensor only senses a signal emitted by the moving object itself. Changes in the optical, microwave, or acoustic field in the device's proximity are interpreted by the electronics based on one of the technologies listed below. Most inexpensive motion detectors can detect up to distances of at least 15 feet (5 meters). Specialized systems are more expensive but have much longer ranges. Tomographic motion detection systems can cover much larger areas because the radio waves are at frequencies which penetrate most walls and obstructions, and are detected in multiple locations, not just at the location of the transmitter.
Wireless motion sensor alarm is a popular alarm systems installed in homes and offices. It is a device that is used to detect motion which then triggers an alarm. There are two types of wireless motion sensor alarm—the passive and the active motion sensors. Passive alarm systems detect motion within the field of view of its sensor, such as a close-circuit camera. It also detects movement by monitoring the changes in temperature in a specific area. An active alarm system, on the other hand, uses photo sensors, ultrasonic waves or radar. When the sensor senses a disruption on the signals that it emits, it then triggers an alarm. Having a wireless motion sensor alarm has a lot of benefits but it has some drawbacks as well.
Wireless motion sensors have found wide use in domestic and commercial applications. One common application is activation of automatic door openers in businesses and public buildings. Wireless motion sensors are also widely used in lieu of a true occupancy sensor in activating street lights or indoor lights in walkways (such as lobbies and staircases). In such "Smart Lighting" systems, energy is conserved by only powering the lights for the duration of a timer, after which the person has presumably left the area. A Wireless motion sensor may be among the sensors of a burglar alarm that is used to alert the home owner or security service when it detects the motion of a possible intruder. Such a detector may also trigger a security camera in order to record the possible intrusion.

1.2                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to construct a wireless security device that alert the occupant of the house or property whenever there is an intruder. This device does not require drilling, and they communicate with the other security system components wirelessly.

1.3                          SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Wireless motion sensor (or motion detector) is the top dog of your security system, because it is the main device that detects when someone is in your home when they should not be. A motion sensor uses one or multiple technologies to detect movement in an area. If a sensor is tripped, a signal is sent to your security system's control panel, which connects to your monitoring center, alerting you and the monitoring center to a potential threat in your home.

1.4                               PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The main purpose of motion detection is to sense an intruder and send an alert to your control panel, which alerts your monitoring center. Sensors work when you are not home, or when you tell the system you are not there. Some security systems can be programmed to record events via a security camera when motion is detected.

1.5                           ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
A wireless motion sensor alarm is a portable device that is easy to dismantle and set-up. It does not need any wires which make it easy if you need to reposition your motion sensors into another area of your house or office. A wireless motion sensor alarm is also independent from the power grid of your house. Instead, it uses batteries for power. This means that even during blackouts, a wireless motion sensor alarm can still function.
Most wireless motion sensor alarms have advanced features, such as automatically dialing 911 when it detects unwanted entry, while other motion sensors alarms simply emit a loud, piercing noise that can be heard at long distances. A burglar cannot easily sabotage a wireless motion sensor alarm by cutting the wires connecting the sensor to the alarm since a wireless motion sensor alarm has no wires that could be cut.

1.6                                LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT
Wireless Motion sensors have some problem:
Since a wireless motion sensor alarm uses batteries for power, you need to regularly check and replace the batteries in order for your motion sensor alarm to work. This can be a bit pesky since your motion sensor alarm will not work without batteries and if you forget to change the batteries your house or office will be vulnerable to unwanted entry.
A wireless motion sensor uses radio waves for communication between the sensor and the alarm. This means that each component of your motion alarm sensor must be within radio range of each or else the sensors will not be able to trigger an alarm. This can leave some areas of your house vulnerable to unwanted entry, which is especially true if you have a large house or office. Wireless motion sensor alarms are often placed at main entrances, leaving other probable entrance and exit areas unprotected.
When installing a wireless motion sensor alarm system it is best to take note of its disadvantages. Since wireless motion sensor alarms can cover only certain areas of your house it is best to install them in rooms where your valuable properties are kept, such as the vault area, your main bedroom or your home office. 

1.7                          PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to wireless motion detector. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of wireless motion detector were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of wireless motion detector. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

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