Sprayers are commonly used on farms to spray pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and defoliants as a means of crop quality control. There are many kinds of machine-operated sprayers, the most common of which are low-pressure, high-pressure, air-carrier, and fogger types.
Insects and weeds are largely responsible for the crop destruction. In modern horticulture and agriculture, insecticides/pesticides, a man made or natural preparation are used to kill insects or otherwise control their reproduction. These herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers are applied to agricultural crops with the help of a special device known as a "Sprayer." Based on the concept of high or low pressure, sprayer provides optimum performance with minimum efforts. There are several types of sprayers available in the market such as manual or self-propelled sprayers, tractor mounted sprayers and aerial sprayers. Science and technology always help the mankind to improve its life. This thing applies to the agriculture sector too. Innovative human brains use their creative power and blend it with the principles of mathematics and physics to develop an ultimate range of plant protection equipments, showcasing the highest degree of human excellence. The invention of a sprayer, pesticides, fertilizers, etc. bring revolution in the agriculture/horticulture sector. Especially the invention of sprayers, enable farmers to obtain maximum agricultural output. They are used for garden spraying, weed/pest control, liquid fertilizing and plant leaf polishing. It is available in man-portable units, self-propelled units.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, the growth of coconut tree is highly affected by the harmful insects. These insects attacks on outer layer of the coconut and infects the coconut. To solve this problem, many effective methods are implemented. In this project, we are using the spraying nozzle for spraying the insecticides on the coconuts. A spray nozzle is a spraying equipment that facilitates the formation of spray. When a liquid is dispersed as a stream of droplets, it is referred as spray. Here, we are using the spray nozzle to achieve two primary functions:
1) It should spread a liquid over an area.
2) It should increase the liquid surface area to increase the evaporation.
The spray nozzle uses the liquid pressure as the energy source to break the liquid into droplets. By using spray nozzle, we can spray and distribute the insecticides, pesticides and water efficiently in the fields. This sprayer consumes less energy than a gas atomized or twin-fluid spray nozzle. As the pressure increases the liquid flow increases and the drop size decreases. But this leads to problems in achieving a certain flow rate at a given pressure and in selecting a specific droplet size. A special nozzle is developed to solve this problem. In certain applications, this nozzle can reduce the need of expensive compressed air. It creates a better and optimum control on the liquid spray. By using this nozzle, we can vary the liquid flow rate at a particular droplet size and pressure. Sprayers range in size from man-portable units. In agriculture field, a sprayer is called as a equipment that applies herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers to the agricultural crops. It is easy to use and works efficiently.
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of this project is to spray chemicals in coconut trees. This equipment is consists of a piston type pump, a platform with fork, a lever to operate the pump, pressure chamber, suction hose with strainer, delivery hose, and a spray gun with flow control knob and nozzle.
1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
In this work, an Rocker sprayer is used with spray nozzle. A spray nozzle is a spraying equipment that facilitates the formation of spray. When a liquid is dispersed as a stream of droplets, it is referred as spray. The Rocker sprayer was design for the following reasons.
- To achieve high safety
- To reduce man power
- To increase the efficiency of the vehicle
- To reduce the work load
- To reduce the accident
- To reduce the fatigue of workers
- To high responsibility
- Less maintenance cost
1.4 FUNCTIONS OF THE PROJECT
The main functions of a sprayer are:
- Breaking the chemical solution in to fine droplets of effective size.
- Distributing the droplets uniformly over the plants.
- Applying the chemicals with sufficient pressure for positive reaching the plants
- Regulating the amount of liquid applied on plants to avoid excessive application.
1.5 APPLICATION AREAS
Sprayers are not only used in agricultural applications but also in domestic purposes. Below is a few detail of their application areas:
Agriculture
Pest control
Water spraying
Small nurseries
Gardens
Spraying wettable insecticides and fungicides
Orchards
Vegetable gardens, etc
1.6 PROBLEM / LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
Generally the pesticide spraying action is done by farmers by putting the heavy storage tank on shoulder and applying hand effort for pumping action. They need to pump several times in certain time interval. This will make pesticide application process more time consuming and intermittent.
In addition while applying the pesticides to the plants workers have to put the heavy pesticide container on their shoulder. This will result in early fatigue to the workers, which in turn will result in less efficiency.
1.7 ADVANTAGE OF THE PROJECT
- Eliminates extra effort required in conventional pesticide application
- Compact in size requiring less space for working
- Eliminates extra time consumed in pumping action.
- Eliminates extra load from the worker’s shoulders.
- Low and high pressure capability.
- No skill operator is required.
- It can be operated by aged person.
- Highly durable knapsack sprayer.
1.7 DISADVANTAGE OF THE PROJECT
- The initial cost is high to some extent as compared to conventional sprayer.
1.8 QUALITY OF A SPRAYER
A good sprayer should posses the following qualities:
- It should produce a steady stream of spray material in desired droplet size so that the plants to be treated may be covered uniformly.
- It should deliver the liquid at sufficient pressure so that the spray solution reaches all the foliage and spreads uniformly over the plant body.
- It should be light in weight yet sufficiently strong, easily workable and repairable.
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