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TITLE PAGE

 

BY

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--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

DECEMBER,2018

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, "design and fabrication of a maize de-husker" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
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A detail survey was conducted in selected district namely Rajnandgaon, Kanker and Kondagaon of Chhattisgarh state, to study on dehusking and shelling of maize under existing machineries or practices. On the basis of survey there is need of a compact dehusking cum shelling unit. A small portable single phase electric operated dehusker cum sheller was design and developed at SVCAET & RS with the help of M/s Punjab Agriculture Engineering, Dhamtari in year 2017-18. The portable medium size (600 kg/h capacity) electric motor (2.24 kW) operated Maize Dehusker cum Sheller was designed to resolve the issue by considering engineering properties of maize. The rectangular shaped machine having overall dimension length (610 mm), width (390 mm) and height (650 mm) made off up 35×35×5 mm angle iron. The selected operational parameters viz, cylinder peripheral speed (9 m/s), concave clearance (25 mm) and feed rate (600 kg/h) were studied for machine-performance and seed-quality parameters. The performance of machine under these parameters show the maximum dehusking was observed 99.00% with zero stalk cutting length at 10.63% moisture content, whereas 98.98% was found out at 1.91 m/s roller speed and at 800 kg/h feed rate. The minimum blower loss (1.37%) was obtained with roller speed (1.7 m/s) and at a feed rate of 600 kg/h. The maximum shelling efficiency (>98.86%) was obtained at cylinder speed of 7.35 m/s and feed rate of 800 kg/h at 14.12% moisture content. The minimum broken loss (0.63%) was obtained at 6.62 m/s cylinder speed and 12.14% moisture content. The minimum unshelled grain percentage was found as 1.04 at 6.62 m/s at 12.14%, cylinder speed and moisture content respectively. The seed germination percentage was found in the range of 91.12 to 95.79% for the developed maize dehusker Sheller. Overall machine performance was found satisfactory for maize dehusking cum shelling operation as well as to produce the maize grains for seeding purpose.

Keywords: Design, maize cob, dehusker, dehusking, and shelling

 

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

Recently farmers have seen a shortage of skilled labour available for agriculture. Because of this shortage, the farmers have transitioned to using harvesters. Maize harvesting is one of the most important filed operations of maize production. One of the most important crop processing activities is threshing or shelling, which is used to extract the grains from the ear heads and prepare the quality for sale. Farmers must introduce advancements in technologies that meet their needs in order to increase their benefit from maize crop. Making maize crop into high-quality types not only increases farmers' net profits, but also extends the useful life of maize products. (Nwakaire et al., 2011). Maize cobs are manually plucked by hand, and then harvested cobs are dried in the open yard to reduce moisture content by up to 15% to 21% (db). The common shelling and dehusking methods, such as rubbing crop cobs against each other, rubbing on bricks, stone, and wire mesh with an iron cylinder, are time- consuming and drudgery, and crop exposure to natural hazards such as rain, fire, livestock, birds, and insects over time results in losses in quantity and quality of grains. (Naveenkumar 2011). Dehusking is removing the outer sheath and shelling for kernels from ear heads are also part of maize harvesting. Dehusking is the process of separating the husk from the ear head without damaging the seeds, and shelling is the process of removing the maize kernel from the cob. (Oriaku, et al., 2014)
A maize dehusker could be develop, considering the following facts. It should be portable easy to carry from one place to other, electric power operated, as source of power cheap and pollution free, according to crop characteristics and system parameters (Dula, 2019). The machine could have a capacity of 500 to 800 kg per hour, with optimal dehusking efficiency, and is best suited for marginal, small and medium farmers.
1.2                                   PROBLEM STATEMENT
Traditionally, dehusking process of maize is done manually by labour and it consumes time and at the same time wastes maize. The purpose of mechanized maize harvesting is to replace manual labor to dehusk maize from fields in time with minimum loss while maintaining high quality.
1.1     AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of this project is to design and fabricate a machine that will eliminate the skilled operator involved in de-husking the maize and to completely automate the dehusking and crown removing process. The objectives are:

• To design a maize dehusking machine
• To fabricate the maize dehusking machine
• To improve number of cobs produced per hour
• Reduction of human effort.
• Reduction of manpower requirement.
• Improvement on number of nuts processed per hour.

1.2                     SCOPE/LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
The scope of this work covers fabricating a maize dehusking machine which A dehusker removes the husk from cob and this is done with the help of two rubber roller rotating in opposite directions and at different speeds, the difference of surface speeds of two rubber rolls develop a shearing force on cob surface resulting in the opening and breaking of husk. Similarly surface of the rubber rolls rotating at lower speed tries to hold the cob but the faster rubber roll pushes the grain resulting in shelling of breaking of husk.
1.3     ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE PROJECT
i) The major beneficiaries of this project are rural dweller who might engage themselves in corn processing.
 ii)  Small, and medium scale agro-industrial set up who produce products like corn starch.
iii) industries that might be using extracts from for other productions etc.
iv) Agro – feed industries who might be using maize as additive in feed production.
1.5                         CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE
There are many existing ways of dehusking maize starting from traditional way to mechanical means. Some of these methods are time consuming, tiring, and difficult operation to perform and involves much human drudgery. Dehusking with traditional hand tools like machete or a spike depends on the skill of worker and involves training. Nowadays there is shortage of such skilled workers. The mechanized or the power operated machines are developed to eliminate the drawbacks of manual tools. Using this method serves as a means of eliminating the above mentioned drawbacks of the existing tools and machines.

Materials and Methods

The engineering properties of maize and the details of procedure adopted for design, development, performance evaluation and optimizing operating parameters of Maize Cob De-husker cum Sheller have been presented in this chapter. This work carried out in SVCAET&RS, IGKV Raipur.

Design and Development of Power Operated Maize Dehusker cum Sheller

During the development of power operated maize dehusker cum sheller, it was kept in mind that the equipment should be suitable for small, marginal and medium farmers for output capacity in between 800 to 1000 kg/h. It was also kept in mind that the machine should be operated by a single phase electric motor as it is easily available in state of Chhattisgarh. The machine should be low cost so that the poor farmers could afford it for self use and for custom hiring.

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CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and fabrication of a maize de-husker" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and fabrication of a maize de-husker" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related works on ""design and fabrication of a maize de-husker were reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of ""design and fabrication of a maize de-husker is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and fabrication of a maize de-husker" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of ""design and fabrication of a maize de-husker is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of ""design and fabrication of a maize de-husker consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a "design and fabrication of a maize de-husker" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and fabrication of a maize de-husker" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

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