DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A TOMATOES GRATER
USER'S INSTRUCTIONS: The project work you are about to view is on "design and fabrication of a tomatoes grater". Please, sit back and study the below research material carefully. This project topic (design and fabrication of a tomatoes grater) have complete 5(five) Chapters. The complete Project Material/writeup include: Abstract + Introduction + etc + Literature Review + methodology + etc + Conclusion + Recommendation + References/Bibliography.Our aim of providing this "design and fabrication of a tomatoes grater" project research material is to reduce the stress of moving from one school library to another all in the name of searching for "design and fabrication of a tomatoes grater" research materials. We are not encouraging any form of plagiarism. This service is legal because, all institutions permit their students to read previous projects, books, articles or papers while developing their own works.
TITLE PAGE
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A TOMATOES GRATER
BY
---
ME/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "design and fabrication of a tomatoes grater" by ---, Reg. No. ME/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This work "design and fabrication of a tomatoes grater" research material is a complete and well researched project material strictly for academic purposes, which has been approved by different Lecturers from different higher institutions. We made Preliminary pages, Abstract and Chapter one of "design and fabrication of a tomatoes grater" visible for everyone, then the complete material on "design and fabrication of a tomatoes grater" is to be ordered for. Happy viewing!!!
The aim of the project is to construct a domestic tomatoes grader to be powered by electricity through pulley and belt transmission. The project is to perform crushing on tomatoes. In construction of the project, there are various factors that are being put into consideration.
i.The size specification
ii.The power of the electric motor to be used
iii.The domestic operation which can be performed by the machine.
iv.The capacity of the machine.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Overview Of The Study
2.2 Types Of Grinding Machine
2.3 Analysis of alternative method to grinding machine
2.3.1 Manual grinding machine
2.3.2 Grinding stone
2.3.3 Choice of Alternatives
2.4 Mortal and pestle grinding
2.5 Overview Of Ac Motor
2.6 Operating Principles Of An Ac Motor
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 General description and its working principle
3.2 Component of the pepper grinding machine
3.3 Grinding Unit
3.4 Bearing
3.5 Pulley
3.6 Machine Stand
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Calculation for the grinding machine
4.1 Volume of the hopper
4.2 Mass of hopper
4.3 Total weight of the machine
4.4 Discharge rate
4.5 Velocity ratio of the belt drive
4.6 Efficiency of the grinding machine
4.7 Material selection
4.8 Consideration for the choice of material
4.9 Fabrication Detail
4.10 Testing and observation
4.11 cost of analysis of material used
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion, Recommendation and Reference
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
Reference
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Every year, the final year student of this institution in Higher National Diploma (HND) and the National Diploma (ND) into practice.
This is aimed at justifying the emphasis lead on practical work during the course of study in the assigned to construct a tomatoes grader by the Mechanical Engineering Department, the Polytechnic, Enugu.
A tomatoes grader machine is an equipment used for grinding tomatoes and which can also grind other good crops. This equipment comprises essentially of an electric motor, belt, pulley, transmission shaft, hopper, mills, spiral conveyor and stands [Nikola Tesla, 2012].
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
Cassava originated from Latin America and was later introduced to Asia in the 17th century and to Africa in about 1558. In Nigeria, cassava is mostly grown on small farms, usually intercropped with vegetables, plantation crops, yam, sweet potatoes, melon, maize, etc. Cassava is propagated by 20 –30 cm long cutting of the wood stem, spacing between plants is usually 1-1.5 meters. Intercropping with bean, maize, and other annual crops is practiced in young cassava plantations [Bencini. 1991].
There are two common varieties of cassava, namely, the bitter and sweet varieties. The cyanide content differs as well as suitability for different growing and consumption conditions. Usually, higher cyanide is correlated to high yields. Nigeria is the world largest producer of cassava tuber in the world, producing about 34 million tonnes of the world’s 174.0 tonnes [Flach, 1990].
Over the past 25 years significant market opportunities for cassava have opened up in the animal feed industry, initially in the EEC (European Economic Community) countries but more recently for the rapidly expanding animal feed industries of tropical developing countries. Cassava roots compete with other carbohydrate sources, especially maize and sorghum, on the basis of price, nutritional value, quality and availability [Bamiro, 2006].
Cassava has several advantages compared with other carbohydrate sources, especially other root crops. It has a high productivity under marginal climatic conditions, which results in a low cost raw material. Root dry matter content is higher than other root crops at 35-40%, giving optimum rates of 25:1 or better. Over 85% consists of highly digestible starch.
Cassava starch has excellent agglutinant properties which make it especially suitable for shrimps and fish feeds, replacing expensive artificial agglutinants.
The potential disadvantages of cassava roots are their bulk and rapid perishability, their low protein content, and the presence of cyanide in all root tissues. Through simple processing the disadvantages of bulk and perishability can be overcome. A stable product is reached when moisture content falls below 14%. Natural drying is widely used to achieve this objective. Drying also permits the elimination of most of the cyanide from root tissues. The dried cassava product thus has only one disadvantage with respect to other carbohydrate feed sources: low protein content. This can be overcome through price competitiveness.
For export markets, where transportation over thousands of kilometers is necessary, further processing to produce high density pellets is carried out to minimize transport costs.
Presently in Nigeria, the products of cassava are usually locally consumed and exportation is limited because the products do not always meet the international standards for healthy foods. Thus, the need to encourage the small scale (home production) of cassava product to ensure quality of products and good hygienic values [Nweke, 1990].
From the survey conducted, it was discovered that most of the cassava graters in the research area are usually corroding (reducing service life) due to the acidic nature of the cassava fluid and materials used for the fabrication. To ensure all cassava products is free from any taste, odor, or infected by iron content of parts (food poisoning) which may affect the quality of their contents (FAO/GIEWS, 2001) hence need to modify the design and use appropriate materials for fabrication.
The product tuber spoils after 2-3 days of harvesting, hence need for processing into safer stable products. In view of the above mentioned problems and the overall importance of the cassava products the following objectives are required to address the shortcomings of the grater [Bamiro, 2006].
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
the manual method of grinding tomatoes is called pounding. This method of evolves much human labour, wastes time, changes the colour of the grinded tomatoes and at the same time exposes the tomatoes to microorganism during the pounding processes. This work was introduced to overcome this problems in that it grindings tomatoes electrically.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are:-
i. To construct tomatoes grader with local materials.
ii. To construct a machine which is less in crop and domestic usage?
iii. To produce a tomatoes grader that is lesser in vibration, weight and in size.
iv. To modify the design of the existing cassava grater (dimensions) to the home use-small scale sizes.
v. To change the crude wooden drums used in cassava grating machines to lasting stainless steel and galvanized pipe.
vi. To save time and cost of processing cassava products by the average family.
vii. To promote healthy consumption of cassava products.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
-It’s fast and can crush tomatoes as finely as any other mill I’ve used. It also can make fantastic crush tomatoes because the coarse settings are easy to adjust.
-It can grind faster.
-It doesn’t heat up the tomatoes like other tomatoes grader can.
-It doesn’t spew tomatoes anywhere.
-it does not change the colour of the pepper
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
The limitations of this project are:
-It cost of production can be higher for students
-It’s noisy.
-The capacity of the hopper is smaller than other heavy-duty mills. you would need to fill the hopper more frequently than mills with a larger capacity.
1.6 JUSTIFICATION OF PROJECT
i. This is to promote indigenous machine and their producers.
ii. To have a portable tomatoes grader constructed for domestic uses with a powered driven source.
iii. To improve the economic and the country as a whole by neglecting imported blenders i.e producing machine that is affordable to substitute the imported blenders.
iv. To be able to meet National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) requirement in awarding National Diploma (ND) in Mechanical Engineering.
REFERENCES
- FAO. 2001. “FAO/GIEWS – Food Outlook No 3”. June 2001 p.9 .Product Profile on Cassava.
- Bamiro, O.A. 2006. Paper presented at the AERC International Conference on Accelerating Africa’s Development Five Years into the 21st Century, held in Tunis, Tunisia, November 22-24, 2006.
- Bamiro, O.A. 2007. Lead Paper at the 16th Engineering Assembly of Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN), held in Abuja, Nigeria, August 28-29, 2007.
- Bencini, M.C. 1991. “Post-Harvest and Processing Technologies of African Staple Foods: A Technical Compendium”. Agriculture Services Bulletin No. 89. Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO): Rome, Italy.
- Cock, J.H. 1985. Cassava: New Potential for a Neglected Crop. IADS development-orientated literature series. Pub. Westview Press: Denver, CO.
- Delta Youth Farmers Multipurpose Co–operative Society Ltd. 2002. Proceeding of the Workshop on Cassava Processing and its Socio–Economic Benefits. Warri.
- Flach, M. 1990. “Gari Processing in the North- West Province of Cameroon”. Working Document No. 5. FAO Project CMR/86/017: Rome, Italy.
- FAO. 1994. “African Experience in the Improvement of Post-harvest Techniques, Food and Agricultural organization of the United Nations”. Agricultural Engineering Service (AGSE) Support Systems Division Workshop, Held in Accra, Ghana 4th to 8th July. FAO: Rome, Italy. www.fao.org/docrep/W1544E/W1544E07.HTM
- FAO. 2000. “Cassava: An Essential Part of Diet”. Championing the Cause of Cassava http://www.fao.org/NEWS/2000/000405-e.htm.
- FAO. 2002. “FAOSTAT, Statistical Data Base of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Of The United Nations”. FAO: Rome, Italy.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and fabrication of a tomatoes grater" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and fabrication of a tomatoes grater" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "design and fabrication of a tomatoes grater" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and fabrication of a tomatoes grater" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and fabrication of a tomatoes grater" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and fabrication of a tomatoes grater" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and fabrication of a tomatoes grater" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a "design and fabrication of a tomatoes grater" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "comparative analysis of bitter kola, moringa oleifera seed, and wonderful kola used for waste water treatment" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
To "DOWNLOAD" the complete material on this particular topic above click "HERE"
Do you want our Bank Accounts? please click HERE
To view other related topics click HERE
To "SUMMIT" new topic(s), develop a new topic OR you did not see your topic on our site but want to confirm the availiability of your topic click HERE
Do you want us to research your new topic? if yes, click "HERE"
Do you have any question concerning our post/services? click HERE for answers to your questions
For more information contact us through any of the following means:
Mobile No 
:+2348146561114 or +2347015391124 [Mr. Innocent]
Email address 
:engr4project@gmail.com
Watsapp No 
:+2348146561114
COUNTRIES THAT FOUND OUR SERVICES USEFUL
Australia, Botswana, Canada, Europe, Ghana, Ireland, India, Kenya, Liberia, Malaysia, Namibia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Uganda, United States, United Kindom, Zambia, Zimbabwe, etc
Support: +234 8146561114 or +2347015391124
Watsapp No :+2348146561114
Email Address :engr4project@gmail.com
FOLLOW / VISIT US VIA:
