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TITLE PAGE

 

BY

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--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

DECEMBER,2018

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, "design and fabrication of an automatic mechanical sand sieve" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

By
---                                                     . ---
Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

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External Invigilator

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

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Construction of buildings requires sand as an important ingredient Sand is used at different stages in construction right from the foundation to the finishing work i.e. plaster. This sand is needs to be screened properly for various stages in construction, i.e. size of sand for construction work is slightly coarse whereas that used for plaster work is fine. Conventionally screening is normally done manually using fixed screens or machines. This manual process time consuming and laborious takes a lot of time and cost. It is also observed that the conventional machine prove of no or little help as the sand needs to be manually transported and material handling takes place twice to get different sizes of sand.
These processes are carried out manually. Sieving of sand is carried out using rectangular mesh which is inclined at certain angle. This causes a relative motion between the particles and the sieve. Depending on their size the individual particles either pass through the sieve mesh or retained on the sieve surface. There are different machines that are being used for sand sieving processes. In our project the process will takes place automatically. Thus the time consumed during the whole process of preparing the concrete is reduced.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE
1.0      INTRODUCTION
1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
1.2      PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.3      AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
1.4      SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.5      ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
1.6      APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
1.7      BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO
2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1      REVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.2      REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
2.3      REVIEW OF SIEVE ANALYSIS
CHAPTER THREE
3.0     METHODOLOGY
3.1      DESIGN FLOW CHART
3.2     MATERIAL SELECTION
3.3      CONSTRUCTION FOR THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS CAST
3.4      DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
3.5      WORKING PRINCIPLE
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1      TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS
4.2      COMPONENT
CHAPTER FIVE     
5.0      SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK
5.1      CONCLUSION
5.2      REFERENCES 

 

CHAPTER TWO
1.0                                                      INTRODUCTION
1.1                                        BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Generally while preparing the concrete for construction purpose, the process of sieving are carried out manually. Sieving of sand is carried out using rectangular mesh which is inclined at certain angle. In the present sand sieving method, the sample is subjected to horizontal movement in accordance with the chosen method. This causes a relative motion between the particles and the sieve. Depending on their size the individual particles either pass through the sieve mesh or retained on the sieve surface. There are different machines that are being used for sand Sieving, but we demonstrate the design & fabrication of automatically driven sand sieving machine which have low cost and simple in operation.
This project focuses in design, fabrication of the mechanical part of machine and the system of the sieve machine. To achieve this project objective, this sieve machine body structure and mechanical system needs to concern some other criteria such as strength, safety and ergonomic design. This project flow must start from design, analysis, and lastly fabrication process. Before develop the sieve machine, it must compare with other product in market. It is because to study the customer need and to create a new design with new feature.

1.2                                 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The problem of size of sand in the market available need to spend more money if we want the sand in specific size or category it will increase the budget and time to wait the supplier preparing the goods. Now days people always prefer the most suitable way to cut their cost and time. Example is in a construction where they have to finish the work before the due date and this might be problems. However, sometime in big company there are high tech machine that can do this work sieving any sub stand or mixture. But sometime in construction required a special sieve machine that are comfortable and easy o use.
Traditional method give low efficiency as it is operated manually but the automated sand sieving machine has higher efficiency. Traditional method requires more labour. Traditional method is more time consumed during the process of preparing the concrete. The cost of highly sophisticated machine is very high which is not affordable for small scale foundries and low level contractors. Modern machineries require high skill to operate.

1.3                                 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main aim of this study is to fabricate a fully automated sand filtering and separator system that automatically filters sand poured on it. The objectives of the study are:

• To fabricate the machine at low cost
• To reduce human labour
• To increase productivity
• To make sieving of particles easy

1.4                                             SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The scope of this work covers the building of the machine which uses electric motor and shaft. The shaft is connected to a filter frame with mesh below and enclosing frame on the sides. We now have a rod connected from the shaft to the filter frame in a way such as to achieve the best horizontal motion. Also we have a frame to hold the filter frame in place while ensuring proper horizontal motion at the same time. On switching on the motor using our motor controller circuit, the system allows to operate the motor. This allows us to operate the sand filter motion for appropriate sand filtering needs.

1.5                            ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

• Automatic Filtering
• Fast Filtering
• Easy To Dispose off Unneeded Objects

1.5                              APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

• It can be utilized for separation of mass produced different types of nuts in a single turn and also other solid mixtures with different sizes of mesh involvement.
• Different types of nuts can be separated which depends on mesh size used.
• It can be used for paddy separation with the involvement of fan at the base of table.
• Now days, separation of different sizes of solid material is need of hours, this project can be used for separation of different sizes of solid only by changing mesh of required size.
• Substance industry: resin, pigment, industrial medicine, cosmetic, coatings.
• Foodstuff industry: sugar powder, starch, salt, rice noodles, milk powder, soybean milk, egg powder, sauce, syrup.

1.6                                    BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT

Determining the particle-size distribution of a soil helps the engineer, geologist, or an agriculturist to understand many soil properties such as how much water, heat, and nutrients the soil could hold, how fast water and heat will move through the soil, and what kind of structure, bulk density and consistence the soil will have. Particle size distribution of soils affects soil credibility and soil compaction since soils with uneven particle size distribution are expected to pack more closely than those with uniform distribution. Particle size distribution of soils is normally determined by wet sieving or dry sieving. While wet sieving is used to determine the proportion of stable aggregates resistant to water disruption during rainfall, dry sieving is utilized mainly to relate particle sizes to soil erosion by wind.
Determining particle size distribution of a soil by hand is a very tedious process, hence, the use of mechanical shakers which makes the process a much simpler one.

1.7 REVIEW OF THE STUDY

Sieve equipment is a kind of machine fabricated to be used in separating solid particles. Naturally, its mode of separation is similar to slow sand filtration; and this is a term used in unit operation, but sieving is a piece of unit operation is carried out.

The sieving equipment works by allowing solid particles of different sizes to pass through the pores or the aperture, which consists of orderly, arranged sets of sieves in a manner of the particle sizes and shapes.

Sieve equipments are of different types and sizes, the type though is not a determinant of the motion, but the size is a major determinant. The major of the types are the commercial and industrial types of sieves with shocker, and are usually constructed in big form. The minor of the types however is the small-scale sieve, which is often constructed, in small form. Most of these three types are electrified, and carries time and regulator. Their movement is either in zig-zag, or ‘up and down’ (vertical) motions, but latest research verified that the movement could be in both ‘up and down’ and zigzag combined, although it is a lot more costly.

These equipments for solid particles size analysis are mostly used in the separation of solid particles in the pharmaceutical industries, gold refinery as well as in diamond companies; and because of its use in these industries and factories, the equipment is not been commonly.

The sieves were fabricated in such a way as to allow particles of different size, to pass through the mesh or pores of the sieve plates after a short period of time. Basically, sieve equipments consist of a set of sieves preferably with the quality of shocker in accordance with its speed range.

The sieve equipment operates best when the solid particles is in their coarse and fine form. The equipment has high sensitive efficiency, but only few have been constructed since the development of separation of particles. This is as a result of the losses incurred and the procedures involved, and also the labour needed to clean the sieve plate and to handle the sieve equipment. 

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CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and fabrication of an automatic mechanical sand sieve" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and fabrication of an automatic mechanical sand sieve" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related works on "design and fabrication of an automatic mechanical sand sieve" were reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and fabrication of an automatic mechanical sand sieve" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and fabrication of an automatic mechanical sand sieve" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and fabrication of an automatic mechanical sand sieve" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and fabrication of an automatic mechanical sand sieve" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "design and fabrication of an automatic mechanical sand sieve" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and fabrication of an automatic mechanical sand sieve" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

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