DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN ELECTRIC-CHARCOAL STOVE
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TITLE PAGE
BY
---
--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "design and fabrication of an electric-charcoal stove" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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Due to irregular power supply common in developing countries, as well as growing high cost of hydrocarbon, the need arises for the development of a double energy source that uses electricityand charcoal for stove. The double powered stove is a combination of components that make possible the use of alternative heat sources. This stove has two chambers - the upper and lower chamber. The upper chamber is powered by electricity whilst the lower chamber is powered charcoal. In the upper chamber is a heating element that generates and dissipates heat within the enclosure. The element is connected to a thermostat that regulates the rate of heat generation in the system. The heat required from the charcoal stove is supplied by the coal. The stove can be adapted for both domestic and industrial purposes and have been found very useful in homes.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- IMPORTANCE OF OVEN
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- DELIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF OVENS
- REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF OVENS
- REVIEW OF CHARCOAL OVEN
- TYPES OF CHARCOAL OVENS
- TECHNICAL DETAILS OF CHARCOAL OVEN
CHAPTER THREE
- DESIGN METHODOLOGY
- PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF ELECTRIC AND GAS OVEN
- MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY FOR GAS OVEN
- ELECTRIC OVEN BLOCK DIAGRAM
- MATERIALS USED
- DESIGN ANALYSIS
- CHARCOAL OVEN METHOD OFCONSTRUCTION
- PERFORMANCE TEST
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
- TAKING CARE THE OVEN
- TROUBLESHOOTING
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Astoveis a thermally insulated chamber used for the heating or cooking a substance and most commonly used for cooking.
This project is as a result of increasing interest. Essentially, the idea, as demonstrated in an existing design, arises in the project students a feeling of motivation, and hence the search for a way to bring it to reality in a simple, yet intelligent design, like this. This project is designed to make the students utilize as many theoretical and practical concept as have been instructed in Alston to mechanical engineering workshop technology. Students are expected to learn and apply concepts, principles about energy specially the conversions of electrical energy to thermal energy, conduction and conventional heat transfer etc.
Also the determination of the properties of various ferrous and non-ferrous materials, electrical installation occults. The application of engineering measurement and quality control.Also to build an intellectual ability in interpretation of working drawing in designing and development before and after working process. Students will get an opportunity to appreciate safety, and the use of both machine and hand tools in the course of working.
This stove is a combination of units and components that make possible the use of two alternative heat sources, namely electric and charcoal. The upper chamber uses Electricity while thelower chamber uses charcoal. Inside the upper chamber is a heating element incorporated with a thermostat to regulate the rate of heat generation in the system. Wire mesh is welded to provide the required base or support for the baking trays.
Electric stoveis the direct fired stove, which effectively distribute heat while being powered by electricity, although this can often result in a higher heating cost for the consumer. Many prefer this type of stove because they tend to use dry heat, which helps prevent the buildup of rust. Electric stoves also feature a thermostat that controls the stove temperature electronically, and many have top, bottom, or rear grill elements.
Charcoal stove is indirectly fired stove that uses wood fuel for cooking. A wood stove may also have astove separate from the fire chamber. Regardless of material they all have astove chamber consisting of a floor (or hearth), a dome and an entry (stove opening). The wood fired stove has an advantage of the less capital requirement, ease of construction and similarly the wood fired has the disadvantage of longer baking time, the product has not baked uniformly and has the problem of the changing the original flavor of the product.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Due to high cost of petroleum product in developing countries such as in Nigeria, has limit the use of petrol powered stove and has shifted the attention of stove users to charcoal and electricity powered stove. Charcoal is believed to be an affordable, available, and the most convenient fuel source for households, its use in inefficient stoves would produce significant amounts of indoor air pollution and make it unsustainable. Therefore, continual technology development will suppress charcoal’s detriments and enhance its efficient utilization while reducing significantly environmental impact.
1.3 IMPORTANCE OF STOVES
In actual analytical enunciation an oven is an enclosed chamber in which things are heated or cooked with various sources of power. Its importance borders around its function, which are as follows;
(i) It is used to meet the everyday basic need of cookingof food materials for human consumption.
(ii) Stoves are used for heat treatment of substance.
(iii) Early manufactured stove where used as a source of room heaters during cold weathers in cold climates.
(iv) Other importance boarding around its energy source is that the use an alternative source of energy when either fossil fuel or electricity is not available. This can be relatively save cost when necessitated.
1.4 LIMITATIONS OF STOVE
Disadvantages in the use of stoves:
(i) Cleaning and repair is a difficult and time- consuming endeavor.
(ii) Expect for mass production singular construction is relatively expensive to produce.
(iii) If precautions are not well carried out, it can result in fire hazard, which is dangerous to life and properties.
(iv) Because stove provides heat for one or more areas, the temperature may vary in different areas of the stove.
(v) Oils and moisture collected on metal surface can end up trying to rust the metal coating if not clean regularly.
(vi) It is expensive to operate in high volume operations.
(vii) Speed seems to be the key factor and time taken to get to required constant temperature can be wastage of time.
(viii) Access to internal component in case of adjustment and maintenance is tasking as it requires an entire disassembling.
(ix) In case of mechanical faults resulting from shut down, an entire disassembling and requires is required.
(x) Due to its function by heating, there is always a premature wear or mechanical failure of some of the internal component.
1.5 PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT
This study is to devise a means of producing a stove with two different power source (that is, electric and charcoal). The objectives are:
- To solve the problem of sooty pre-heating as observed in vaporizing cookers.
- To build a cost reduction and easy to maintain stove.
- To meet up with inadequate availability of fire wood through deforestation.
- To exploit the local facilities available in the construction of the stove as against imported stove.
- To exhibit the usefulness of a multi- power source purpose stove in the economy and technology growth of the nation.
- To know the convenience in the use of alternate power source for operation of stove.
- Discover the basic principle involved in the design and maintenance of a double powered stove.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This paper deals with the development of anelectric - charcoal stove prototype from locally available materials. In the electric part of the work, theheating element device supplies the heat to the device while in the charcoal session of the work charcoal supplies the to the device. Charcoal is a black substance that resembles coal and is used as a source of fuel. Charcoal is generally made from wood that has been burnt, or charred, while being deprived of oxygen so that what's left is an impure carbon residue.
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF PROJECT
This project work is intended to serve as a catalogue and manual for the construction, installation, maintenance and repair of different possible faults in stove, it is also of a great benefit to the department and society as it will serve as medium of knowing the principle of operating the model work. It serves as a standard means for cooking.
1.7 DELIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
i. There is freedom of location and general adaptability.
ii. It entails good cooking condition, cleanliness, quietness and ambient temperature.
iii. Uniform of temperature within narrow limit with the electrical chamber.
iv. Capital cost, running and maintenance cost of stove are low.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
THERMOSTAT: This is an electrical device design to heat up bend and open the circuit when excessive current flows and close the circuit when the heat reduces. It can also be defined as an automatic regulator that control the amount of current that heat up the circuit.
HEATING ELEMENT: This is a conductor material that is designed to heat up when connected to current flow. It converts electric energy into heat energy.
OUTLET PLUG: This is an electrical device design with two or three metal pins that fit into holes in a socket to make an electrical connection.
Charcoal—The black, porous material that contains mostly carbon that is produced by burning of wood or other biomass.
Convection—The heat transfer in a gas or liquid by movement of the air or water.
Combustion chamber—The region of the stove where the fuel is burned.
Combustion efficiency—The percentage of the fuel’sheatenergythatisreleasedduring combustion. Combustion efficiency refers to the amount of the energy from the biomass that is turned into heat energy.
Draft—Themovementofairthroughastoveand up achimney.
Emissions—Thebyproductsfromthecombustion processthataredischargedintotheair.
Excessair—Theamountofairusedinexcessof the amount for completecombustion.
SWITCH: This is a device used to connect or break the flow of electric current in a circuit.
INDICATOR (LAMP): This is a device which glows like a bulb indicating the working status of a connection.
CABLE: A cable is a material or conductor use in conveying electric current from one point to another.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "AA" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and fabrication of an electric-charcoal stove" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "design and fabrication of an electric-charcoal stove" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and fabrication of an electric-charcoal stove" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and fabrication of an electric-charcoal stove" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and fabrication of an electric-charcoal stove" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and fabrication of an electric-charcoal stove" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "design and fabrication of an electric-charcoal stove" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and fabrication of an electric-charcoal stove" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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