DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL GAS BURNER
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TITLE PAGE
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL GAS BURNER
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "design and fabrication of an industrial gas burner" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on Electrical and Electronics Engineering has been approved.
By
Dr. --- Dr. ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
Dr. ---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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Burners play an integral role in oil and gas well pads. They generate the heat necessary for separating the oil, gas and water mixture and to keep the gases in their vapor phase during transportation through pipelines. Burners typically use a portion of the gas coming out of the ground as the fuel to produce the flame for heating. The gases extracted from the ground enter the burner skid (commonly referred to as burner fuel train) at a high pressure and hence they need to be pressure controlled for use in burners. This work is on fabrication of an industrial gas burner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- HOW COMBUSTION OCCUR IN BURNER
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- REVIEW OF FUEL GAS
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FUEL
- FLAME TEMPERATURES OF COMMON GASES AND FUELS
- EXPLOSIVE LIMITS AND IGNITION TEMPERATURES OF COMMON GASES
- COMBUSTION VALUES OF COMMON GASES
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- MAJOR COMPONENTS OF INDUSTRIAL GAS BURNER
- PICTORIAL DIAGRAM GAS BURNER
- WORKING PRINCIPLE OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER FOUR
- ASSEMBLY AND TESTING
- BURNER CONFIGURATION
- TESTING THE CONFIGURATION
- SELECTION OF BURNER
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
A burner is a mechanical device that supplies required amount of fuel and air creates condition for rapid mixing of fuel and air produces a flame which transfers thermal energy to furnace and charge. In oil burners, oil is atomized into a fine spray by a spray nozzle and air is supplied for combustion in the spray chamber. Alternatively oil may be atomized by high speed air to produce a fine dispersion of droplets into air. There are liquid fuel and gaseous fuel burners. In liquid fuel burner, oil is heated and atomized either mechanically or by high speed gaseous jet. This work focuses on an industrial gas burner is a device which is used to generate a flame, in order to heat up products using a gaseous fuel such as acetylene, natural gas, or propane for industrial purpose. Some burners have an air inlet to mix the fuel gas with air, to enable complete combustion. Acetylene is commonly used in combination with oxygen. The gas burner has many applications such as soldering, brazing and welding, the latter using oxygen instead of air for producing a hotter flame, which is required for melting steel. For laboratory uses, a natural-gas fueled Bunsen burner is used. For melting metals with melting points of up to 1100 °C (such as copper, silver, and gold), a propane burner with a natural drag of air can be used.
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to design a device which is used to generate a flame, in order to heat up products using a gaseous fuel such as acetylene, natural gas, or propane.
1.2 HOW COMBUSTION OCCUR IN BURNER
The release of potential energy of fuel by combustion with air requires several
stages, namely.
• Mixing of air and fuel
• Ignition of the mixture
• Chemical reaction
• Disposal of products of combustion from the reaction site so that fresh reactants are available. Except mixing of air and fuel, all other stages are extremely fast such that it is said that if fuel and air are mixed, fuel is burnt. Accordingly mixing is the slowest step in the process of combustion, this can be understood by considering that each mole of carbon theoretically requires 1 mole of oxygen for complete combustion. But 1 mole of oxygen is obtained from 4.76 moles of air. That means 3.76 moles of nitrogen are present with 1 Mole of oxygen. Nitrogen is inert and does not take part in combustion therefore mixing of air+ fuel is important.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
An industrial gas burner is a device which is used to generate a flame, in order to heat up products using a gaseous fuel such as acetylene, natural gas, or propane. Some burners have an air inlet to mix the fuel gas with air, to enable complete combustion. Acetylene is commonly used in combination with oxygen.
1.4 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
The hottest and most efficient of all fuel gases use in gas burner, acetylene (C2H2) provides high levels of productivity thanks to good localized heating with a minimum of thermal waste. It also requires the least amount of oxygen to ensure complete combustion. This flammable, colourless gas is lighter than air so does not accumulate at low levels, where it could cause a potential hazard. It is generally supplied dissolved in acetone or DMF (dimethylformamide) in specially designed cylinders to prevent decomposition.
A low flame moisture content makes this fuel gas a good choice for many critical heating processes. Typical applications include flame heating, flame gouging, welding, flame hardening, flame cleaning, flame straightening, thermal spraying, spot-heating, brazing, texturing, profile-cutting, branding wooden pallets, wood-ageing and carbon coating.
Acetylene is the only fuel gas recommended for underground working conditions because it is lighter than air. It is also the only fuel gas, for instance, which can be used to weld steel.
In cutting, oxy-acetylene gives the fastest preheating and piercing times of any fuel gas combination.
Benefits include:
- Improved cut quality
- Higher cutting speeds
- Faster cut initiation time
- Reduced oxygen use.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- this device can be hazardous when not properly handled
CHAPTER TWO: The complete chapter two of “design and fabrication of an industrial gas burner” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of “design and fabrication of an industrial gas burner” consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on “design and fabrication of an industrial gas burner” was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of “design and fabrication of an industrial gas burner” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of “design and fabrication of an industrial gas burner” consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of “design and fabrication of an industrial gas burner” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of “design and fabrication of an industrial gas burner” consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of “design and fabrication of an industrial gas burner” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of “design and fabrication of an industrial gas burner” consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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