DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF GRAIN DRYER
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TITLE PAGE
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF GRAIN DRYER
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "design and fabrication of grain dryer" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on Electrical and Electronics Engineering has been approved.
By
Dr. --- Dr. ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
Dr. ---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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Drying of Seed Grain If grain is destined for use as seed then it must be dried in a manner that preserves the viability of the seed. Seed embryos are killed by temperatures higher than 40-42°C and therefore low temperature drying regimes must be used. Seed grain may be dried in any type of dryer provided that it is operated at a low temperature and preferably with higher air flow rates than generally used. It is essential that batches of grain of different varieties are not mixed in any way and therefore the dryers and associated equipment used must be designed for easy cleaning.
This work focuses of fabrication of a portable and movable grain dryer used for drying grains such as wheat, paddy, maize and sunflower.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- METHODOLOGY
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
- REVIEW OF SOLAR DRYING
- REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF GRAIN DRYERS
- DESIGN CONDITION
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 SYSTEM DESIGN METHODOLOGY
- BASICS OF THE SYSTEM
- GRAIN DRYER MACHINE OPERATING PRINCIPLE
- DESIGN DIAGRAM
- INSTRUCTIONS FOR GRAIN DRYER
CHAPTER FOUR
TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
- CASING AND PACKAGING
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- ECONOMIC OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT VIABILITY
- RELIABILITY
- MAINTAINABILITY
- PROJECT EVALUATION
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In the majority of countries, agriculture represents the biggest part of the economy. 80-90% of the working population is employed in agriculture. Despite these large numbers, national food production still does not meet the needs of the population. The lack of appropriate preservation and storage systems caused considerable losses, thus reducing the food supply significantly. The dent in food production caused by crop-failures as well as significant seasonal fluctuations in availability can be ironed out by food conservation, e.g., by drying. Sun drying of crops is the most widespread method of food preservation in a lot of countries due solar irradiance being very high for the most of the year. There are some drawbacks relating to the traditional method of drying, i.e., spreading the crop in thin layers on mats, trays or paved grounds and exposing the product to the sun and wind. These include poorer quality of food caused by contamination by dust, insect attack, enzymatic reactions and infection by micro-organisms. Also this system is labour and time intensive, as crops have to be covered at night and during bad weather, and the crops continually have to be protected from attack by domestic Animals. Non-uniform and insufficient drying also leads to deterioration of the crop during storage. Serious drying problems occur especially in humid tropical regions where some crops have to be dried during the rainy season. Traditional sun drying of sweet pepper and coffee. In order to ensure continuous food supply to the growing population and to enable the farmers to produce high quality marketable products, efficient and at the same time affordable drying methods are necessary. Studies have shown that even small and most simple oil-fired batch dryers are not applicable for the most farmers, due to lack of capital and insufficient supply of energy for the operation of the dryers.
The high temperature dryers used in industrialized countries are found to be economically viable in developing countries only on large plantations or big commercial establishments. Therefore the introduction of low cost and locally manufactured solar dryers offers a promising alternative to reduce the tremendous post harvest losses. The opportunity to produce high quality marketable products seems to be a chance to improve the economic situation of the farmers. However, taking into account the low income of the rural population in developing countries, the relatively high initial investment for solar dryers still remains a barrier to a wide application.
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
Grain dryers are conveniently using for dry such as wheat, paddy, maize and sunflower. The objective of this work is to design and fabricate a mobile grain dryer.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- Allows for harvesting tough grain and thereby reduces losses from weather and wildlife.
- Extends available harvest period.
- Earlier harvest is possible.
- Drying tough or damp grain can reduce or eliminate spoilage in storage.
- May improve market grade and acceptability of grain.
- May afford alternative market outlets for grain.
- May eliminate necessity of swathing to obtain "dry" grain.
- May improve malting quality by reducing kernel peeling and cracking during combining. However, most maltsers will not knowingly buy grain which has been artificially dried.
- Since artificially dried grain usually contains near maximum allowable water content, the extra weight generates more dollars when sold.
- There are three excellent reasons why a mobile grain drier can be the right investment for you. 1- Take control of harvest A mobile grain drier can quickly force dry crops and have them ready for sale or storage. The operation can be completed independently of weather conditions enabling you to exploit weather markets, extend harvesting hours in the day and make more time for post-harvest field 2- Drying and cleaning adds moregvalue Drying adds value to your crops, a mobile grain drier also delivers excellent crop conditioning.
1.4 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- Requires extra capital for equipment, energy and operation.
- Requires extra labor and inconvenience of handling unless centralized facilities are available.
- Requires some experience to operate effectively.
- May impair quality of malting barley if not operated properly (low air temperature).
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
Whenever aeration or natural air drying fails to adequately condition grain for storage, a heated air dryer may be incorporated into the harvesting storage system. Compared to natural air drying, the heated air drying absorbs more moisture from the grain thus drying the grain faster. Over drying of a cereal grain however, reduces the weight of grain that will be sold as less water is being sold. Also, it is more expensive in terms of propane costs. These costs must be balanced against how long the wheat has to be safely stored and under what storage conditions.
1.6 METHODOLOGY
To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:
- Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
- Draw a block diagram.
- Test for continuity of components and devices,
- Design of was carried out.
- Studying of various component used in circuit.
- Construct the circuit.
- Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.
1.7 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this study were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER TWO: The complete chapter two of “design and fabrication of grain dryer” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of “design and fabrication of grain dryer” consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on “design and fabrication of grain dryer” was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of “design and fabrication of grain dryer” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of “design and fabrication of grain dryer” consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of “design and fabrication of grain dryer” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of “design and fabrication of grain dryer” consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of “design and fabrication of grain dryer” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of “design and fabrication of grain dryer” consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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