This work is on Electronic football substitution board. An Electronic football substitution board serves as an indicator of the substitution of players One-sided board has a display with LEDs in two lines, which compose four fields (2 red / 2 green), each 18 cm high and a 10cm wide. The lithium battery is integrated into the board seven segments provide energy lasts up to five hours. This device is designed using AT89C51 (8-bit microcontroller), 7447 (BCD-to-7 segment decoder), 7-segment display and few other electronic components.

 

 

CHAPTER ONE
1.1                                                        INTRODUCTION
In  football, a substitute is a player who is brought on to the pitch during a match in exchange for an existing player. Substitutions are generally made to replace a player who has become tired or injured, or who is performing poorly, or for tactical reasons (such as bringing a striker on in place of a defender). Unlike some sports, a player who has been substituted during a match may take no further part in it.
Most competitions only allow each team to make a maximum of three substitutions during a game, although more substitutions are often permitted in non-competitive fixtures such as friendlies. Allowing a fourth substitution in extra time is currently being trialed at several tournaments, including the 2016 Summer Olympic Games, the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup final. A fourth substitute in extra time has been approved for use in the knockout rounds at the 2018 FIFA World Cup and the UEFA Champions League.[6][7] Each team nominates a number of players (typically between five and seven, depending on the competition) who may be used as substitutes; these players typically sit in the technical area with the coaches, and are said to be "on the bench". When the substitute enters the field of play it is said they have come on or have been brought on, while the player they are substituting is coming off or being brought off.
A player who is noted for frequently making appearances, or scoring important goals, as a substitute is often informally known as a "super sub". This substitution is been carried using electronics board which makes it possible for people to visualized it from a distance. This board is called “electronics substitution board”.
Electronic football substitution board serves as an indicator of the substitution of players One-sided board has a display with LEDs in two lines, which compose four fields (2 red / 2 green), each 18 cm high and a 10cm wide. The lithium battery is integrated into the board seven segments provide energy lasts up to five hours.

• AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this project is to design an electronic board that is used to display the incoming and outgoing substitute of football player.

1.2                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of the project is to have a visualized and electronics means of displaying football substitutes.

1.3                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This device is used in visualizing of numbers of players entering and exiting as substitutes in football (soccer) game. The electronic display provides a image of modernity as well as being more practical in its use than the traditional cards. Its luminosity attracts attention and is therefore useful for sponsor advertising. Other significances are as below:

• Low cost and low maintenance.
• Microcontroller based system thus programmed as per our wish
• Simple and easily understandable circuit

1.4                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This device provide a visual indication of ingoing and outgoing football substitutes. The INOUT DISPLAY/1 visualizes one number at a time. The two numbers, ingoing and outgoing, are however previously registered and then respectively visualised with the IN and OUT buttons.

1.5                                          LIMITATION OF THE PPROJECT

• The numbers is visualised in: green FLASHING for the ingoing player and RED flashing for the outgoing player.
• The numbers are 28cm high. They are capable of visualizing figures from 0 to 99. They are formed with seven segment display that is clearly visible even in bright sunlight.
• An appropriate electronic control keeps the luminosity of the numbers constant as long as the battery still has some life.
• Two convenient handles, placed on the rear part, render the display easy to be lifted and carried.
• A strong membrane keyboard, with reaction to touch, is situated between the two handles, this permits easy and convenient control of the visualiser.
• Internal rechargeable lead battery: 5V 1.2A. When the battery is fully charged, about 30 visualisations of one minute's duration can be carried out. Its average life is 5 years. It is easy to remove and substitute.
• Special attention has been paid to the maintenance of the efficiency of the battery. The equipment turns itself off automatically after a certain period of time during which no key has been pressed. However the battery is subject to its own auto-discharge, it is therefore necessary to re-charge it, at least every 9 months, even if it has not been in use.
• The BATTERY CHECK button allows a check of the charge level of the battery, indicating a value of 0 (flat) to 5 (fully charged).
• Dimensions and weight, with carrying case and battery charger included: 44 x 41 x 10cm - 4.3kg
• Four individual buttons switch to increase and decrease the score of two team.

1.6                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Use it for Sunday league, 5-a-side football / soccer and other sports. It can also be used as a scoreboard. It can also be used for extra time display.

1.7                                        PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this work was discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of a variable dc motor drive. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.

---

This material is a complete and well researched project material strictly for academic purposes, which has been approved by different Lecturers from different higher institutions. We make abstract and chapter one visible for everyone.

All Project Topics on this site have complete 5(five) Chapters . Each Project Material include: Abstract + Introduction + etc + Literature Review + methodology + etc + Conclusion + Recommendation + References/Bibliography.

To "DOWNLOAD" the complete material on this particular topic above click "HERE"

Do you want our Bank Accounts? please click HERE

To view other related topics click HERE

To "SUMMIT" new topic(s), develop a new topic OR you did not see your topic on our site but want to confirm the availiability of your topic click HERE

Do you want us to research for your new topic? if yes, click "HERE"

Do you have any question concerning our post/services? click HERE for answers to your questions

You can also visit our facebook Page at fb.me/hyclas to view more our related construction (or design) pics

---

For more information contact us through Any of the following means:

Mobile No :+2348146561114 or +2347015391124 [Mr. Innocent]

Email address :engr4project@gmail.com

Watsapp No :+2348146561114

To View Our Design Pix: You can also visit our facebook Page at fb.me/hyclas for our design photos/pics.

---

IF YOU ARE SATISFIED WITH OUR SERVICES, PLEASE DO NOT FORGET TO INVITE YOUR FRIENDS AND COURSEMATES TO OUR PAGE.