DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLAR POWERED GAS DETECTION SYSTEM
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TITLE PAGE
BY
---
--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "design and implementation of solar powered gas detection system" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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Aim: This work is on a solar powered gas detection system. The main aim of this work is to build a device that will detect the presence of gases in an area, often as part of a safety system using solar energy as the source of power supply.
Method: The device was first built on a breadboard which is later transfer to vero board and soldered.
Result: The device was completely build and coupled, the result during the test shows that the gas detector was able to respond to its operation when gas was brought close to it.
Conclusion and Recommendation: At the end of this project a solar powered gas detector was built. This device can sound an alarm to operators in the area where the leak is occurring, giving them the opportunity to leave. This type of device is important because there are many gases that can be harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals. This device identifies potentially hazardous gas leaks by sensor.
Cover page
ii. Certification
iii. Dedication
iv. Acknowledgement
v. Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Hypothesis /Research Questions
1.4 Objective of Study
1.5 Significance of Study
1.6 Scope of Study
1.7 Limitations of Study
1.8 Definitions of terms
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Review of Related works
2.2 Contribution to Knowledge
2.3 Proposed system’s Theories
2.4 Historical background of solar panel
2.5 Overview of solar energy
2.6 Theoretical review of solar cell
2.7 Review of solar cell efficiency
2.8 Review of solar cell materials
CHAPTER THREE
DESIGN METHODOLOGY
3.1 Block diagram
3.2 Circuit diagram of a solar powered LPG gas leakage detector
3.3 Components Required
3.4 Tools Required
3.5 System description
3. Working Principle
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS/ANALYSIS
4.1 Result and discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY,CONCLUSION AND RECONMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
References
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1: Background of the Study
LPG was first produced in 1910 by Dr. Walter Snelling as a mixture of Propane and Butane having saturated as well as unsaturated hydrocarbons. Because of the flexible nature of LPG, it is used for many needs such as domestic fuel, industrial fuel, automobile fuel, heating, illumination etc. and the demand for LPG is increased day by day. The leaked gases when ignited may lead to causality. The number of causality due to the explosion of gas cylinders has been increasing in recent years. Thus, there is a requirement of a system that can detect and also prevent leakage of LPG. Early before 1980s and 1990s the development of electronics gas detectors, the presence of LPG gas was detected with chemically infused paper that changed its color when exposed to the gas. Since then, many technologies and devices had been developed to detect, monitor, and alert the leakage.
A gas detector is a device that detects the presence of gases in an area, often as part of a safety system. This type of equipment is used to detect a gas leak or other emissions and can interface with a control system so a process can be automatically shut down. A gas detector can sound an alarm to operators in the area where the leak is occurring, giving them the opportunity to leave. This device is important because there are many gases that can be harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals.
Gas detectors can be used to detect combustible, flammable and toxic gases, and oxygen depletion. This type of device is used widely in industry and can be found in locations, such as on oil rigs, to monitor manufacture processes and emerging technologies such as photovoltaic. They may be used in firefighting.
Traditional gas detector is powered with conventional power supply which makes it less efficient. Here we intend to propose a solar powered based gas sensor, where solar energy is use a sustainable means of powering the device and MQ-2 is used to detect dangerous gas leaks. This unit is incorporated into an alarm unit, to sound an alarm indication of the LPG leakage. The sensor has good sensitivity combined with a quick response time at low price.
1.2 Problem Statement
Gas leakage leads to various causality resulting into both financial loss as well as human life. In human’s daily life, environment plays a vital role in health issues. The risk of fires, suffocation, explosion all are based on their physical properties such flammability, toxicity etc. The number of deaths figures due to explosion of gas cylinders has been increasing in recent years. The main reason for such explosion is due to sub- standard cylinders, worn out regulators, old valves and lack of awareness using gas cylinders add to risks. The conventional gas detector was built in the past which has the challenge of power supply – which goes off as soon as power supply fails. In other to overcome this problem a renewable energy source was interfaced with the gas detector – which lead to having constant power supply to the system.
1.3 Hypothesis/Research Questions
H1: There is a significant association between fire accident, gas detector and solar energy.
Research Questions
- What is the importance of gas detector in a building?
- Is there any disadvantage of using gas detector with solar energy?
- What is the operating principle of a gas detector?
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
The main aim of this work is to a solar powered gas detecting device that detects the presence of gases in an area, often as part of a safety system using MQ-2 sensor. Gas detectors can be used to detect combustible, flammable and toxic gases, and oxygen depletion. The objectives are:
- To build the system prototype
- To increase home security
- To interface MQ-2 Gas sensor with solar energy.
1.4 Significance of Study
Gas detectors can be used to detect combustible, flammable and toxic gases, and oxygen depletion. This type of device is used widely in industry and can be found in locations, such as on oil rigs, to monitor manufacture processes and emerging technologies such as photovoltaic. They may be used in firefighting. This study will help the student involved and all the reader of the work to understand how to employ gas detector to prevent toxic exposure and fire and how it can be interfaced with renewable energy.
1.5: Scope of Study
The scope of this work covers Gas leak detection which is the process of identifying potentially hazardous gas leaks by MQ-2 sensor which is powered using renewable energy source (solar energy). This sensor usually employs an audible alarm to alert people when a leakage gas has been detected. Gas Sensor (MQ-2) module is useful for gas leakage detection (in home and industry). Due to its high sensitivity and fast response time, measurements can be taken as soon as possible. The sensitivity of the sensor can be adjusted by using the potentiometer. All of this sensor is used for a wide range of applications and can be found in industrial plants, refineries, waste-water treatment facilities, vehicles, and homes.
1.6 Limitations of Study
- To supply a steady power supply to the system using renewable energy is cost effective more than the conventional gas detector.
- The Sensor requires quarterly calibration and do not have a long life.
1.7: Definitions of terms
Gas: colorless highly flammable gaseous hydrocarbon consisting primarily of methane and ethane.
Detector: a device or instrument designed to detect the presence of a particular object or substance.
Sensor: a device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical environment.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY,CONCLUSION AND RECONMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
The MQ2 discover the concentration of gas and outputs analog value which can be transforming to digital measure. The value of the digital estimate will be 10 byte long and range from 0 to 1022. The project permit the user to adjust the hazardous level for leakage based on the same digital measure. When the value adjusts by the user matches with that of the value distinguish by the sensor, it supplicates the alarm. The MQ2 sensor can be measured by joining a load resistance of steady value with the sensor.
Sensor measuring formula:
The sensor measures the compression of leaked gas according to the following formula
Concentration = 1036.5*R^-2.392
Where concentration is LPG in ppm
R is the ratio of the resistance of sensor which is the resistance at 1000ppm at 20 Celsius and 60% humidity.
Rs = (1020/ADC-DATA-1)*RL
Rs is the resistance of the sensor
Digital reading varies from 0 to 1020
RL is load resistance varies from 10K to 40K.
Therefore, for a fixed RL, the reading is proportionate to the concentration of gas.
Monitoring Gas Concentration: Once the allusion value is set, the program code on Arduino keeps eyes on the analog value peruse from the MQ2 sensor. The device is programmed to peruse current sensor reading as analog value and transform it to a digital form. The digital measure is differentiating with the user defined allusion value in an infinite loop.
5.2 Conclusion
The gas leakage detection system was proposed, designed and successfully implemented in this paper for home safety and industrial applications. The leakage is detected with the help of MQ-2 gas sensor. Sensor sends a signal to 555 timer IC. In the next step timer IC sends an active signal to other externally connected devices. The cost involved in developing this kind system is low and is much less than the cost of gas detectors commercially available in the market.
5.3 Recommendation
The device (solar powered gas detection system) has been designed, tested and system was able to respond to its operation. This work was built with quality wiring and contains many connections, I recommend that if failure occur, it should be troubleshoot by a qualify personnel along with the circuits diagram.
Working on this topic (solar powered gas detection system) as my project is a good idea and it comes at the right time. I am suggesting that this particular topic should also be given to other students both in higher and lower class.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and implementation of solar powered gas detection system" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and implementation of solar powered gas detection system" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "design and implementation of solar powered gas detection system" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and implementation of solar powered gas detection system" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and implementation of solar powered gas detection system" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and implementation of solar powered gas detection system" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and implementation of solar powered gas detection system" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "design and implementation of solar powered gas detection system" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and implementation of solar powered gas detection system" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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