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TITLE PAGE

DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF 1000 WATT SOLAR POWER SYSTEM

BY

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EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

DECEMBER,2018

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, "design and installation of 1000 watt solar power system" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on Electrical and Electronics Engineering has been approved.

By
Dr. ---                                           Dr. ---
Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

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Dr. ---
External Invigilator

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

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The 1000W solar system was determined by load assessment, solar panel number determination, battery requirement and then inverter  sizing.  A complete solar panel rated at 1000w was however purchased, together with 2 no. 150A solar battery and also 10A charge controller. These were assembled together with necessary protective gadgets like cut out switches; to give the 1000W expected. The solar panel was mounted outside the building to allow for maximum collection of sun energy. It is expected that the system will help the department meet up with its office duties even when central power is not available.

CHAPTER ONE

•                                                   INTRODUCTION

solar inverter converts direct current (DC) output of a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel into a utility frequency alternating current (AC) that can be fed into a commercial electrical grid or used by a local, off-grid electrical network. It is a critical balance of system (BOS)–component in a photovoltaic system , allowing the use of ordinary AC-powered equipment. Solar power inverters have special functions adapted for use with photovoltaic arrays, including maximum power point tracking and anti-islanding protection.
The solar panel used in solar inverter produces direct electricity with the help of electrons that are moving from negative to positive direction. Most of the appliances that we use at home work on alternative current. This AC is created by the constant back and forth of the electrons from negative to positive. In AC electricity the voltage can be adjusted according to the use of the appliance.  As solar panels only produce Direct current the solar inverter is used to convert the DC to AC.
An inverter produces square waves or a sine wave which can be used for running lights, televisions, lights, motors etc. However these inverters also produce harmonic distortion.

1.1                                      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
Solar technology isn’t new. Its history spans from the 7th Century B.C. to today. We started out concentrating the sun’s heat with glass and mirrors to light fires. Today, we have everything from solar-powered buildings to solar-powered vehicles. Here you can learn more about the milestones in the historical development of solar technology, century by century, and year by year. You can also glimpse the future. From the 3rd Century BC when Archimedes fought off Roman ships by concentrating the suns rays at them with brass shields (they burst into flame), through work by some of the best known figures in the history of science, harnessing the power of the sun has long been a goal of human innovation. Let’s look at some of the highlights:
In 1767 Swiss physicist, alpine explorer, and aristocrat Horace de Saussure is credited with inventing the first working solar oven, amongst other discoveries. Constructed from 5 layers of glass and measuring around 12 inches across, the oven worked by allowing light to pass through the glass before being absorbed by the black lining and turned into heat. The heat is then reflected by the glass, therefore heating the space inside the box up to 87.5 degrees Celsius. 
Also in 1839 Edmond Bequerel, born in Paris in 1820, discovered that when two electrodes were placed in an electrolyte (electricity-conducting solution), a voltage developed when light fell upon the electrolyte. The basic principles of solar power had been uncovered.
Many people using solar power these days which prove that its necessity has been increased in the current years. A Solar inverter is similar to a normal electric inverter but uses the energy of the Sun, that is, Solar energy. A solar inverter helps in converting the direct current into alternate current with the help of solar power. Direct power is that power which runs in one direction inside the circuit and helps in supplying current when there is no electricity. Direct currents are used for small appliance like mobile e phones, MP3 players, IPod etc. where there is power stored in the form of battery. In case of alternative current it is the power that runs back and forth inside the circuit. The alternate power is generally used for house hold appliances. A solar inverter helps devices that run on DC power to run in AC power so that the user makes use of the AC power. If you are thinking why to use solar inverter instead of the normal electric one then it is because the solar one makes use of the solar energy which is available in abundant from the Sun and is clean and pollution free. Solar inverters are also called as photovoltaic solar inverters. These devices can help you save lot of money.  The small-scale grid  one have just two components i.e. the panels and inverter while  the off grid systems are complicated and consists of batteries which allows users to use appliances during the night when there is no Sunlight available.  The solar panel and the batteries that are placed on rooftops attract Sun rays and then convert the Sunlight into electricity. The batteries too grab the extra electricity so that it can then be used to run appliances at night.

1.2                                                   PROBLEM STATEMENT
As a result of continuous power failure and fluctuation in power supply by Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), sensitive appliances and system are affected by interruption power supply and also the blackout also affect human generally in that it takes away our happiness. Then, this project is to provide a back-up and reliable power supply of 1000W from a renewable energy source (solar panel) to power some selected home appliances such as computers, television set, lighting systems.

1.2                                         OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The main objective of this project is to design and install a per generating device that can collect an input dc voltage from the solar panel and convert it to 220vac output which can be use to power ac appliances which is rated 1000W.

1.3                                            SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This solar power source makes it possible to provide a clean reliable supply of alternative electricity free of sags or surges which could be found in the line voltage frequency. The solar power system (SPS) system achieved this by direct current from solar panel and by rectifying the standard main supply, using the direct current to charge the batteries and to provide clean alternative power by passing the energy a filter system.
It has zero change over time and LEDs which indicates mains fail and battery discharge level and it provides 100% protection against line noise, spikes surges and audio frequency interference.

1.4                                          PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of this work is to build a power generating device that transforms direct current (DC) generated by a PV system into alternating current (AC ), which can be sent into AC appliances. These inverters can be used either in concert with battery systems or to directly power certain devices. They also tend to have a few identifying features that are specifically intended to be used with Photo Voltaic arrays, such as maximum power point tracking (MPPT).

1.5                                      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Solar inverter is useful in making appliances work at residential and industrial levels, such as:

• A Solar Inverter is better optimised for solar power than the regular one. For example, it will prioritise power supply from the solar panels. This means that when the energy from the Sun is adequate like during afternoons, the inverter will draw power entirely from the solar panels to power your home or office even if public power supply is available. This can lead to huge savings on power bills.
• Similarly, a Solar hybrid inverter will prioritise charging from solar panels, enabling your batteries to charge via the PV panels even when public power supply is on, leading also to savings on your power bills.
• Solar inverter has always helped in reducing global warming and green house effect.
• Also use of solar inverter helps in saving money that would have used for buying fuel for conventional generator
• Some solar inverters will allow you prioritise charging to solar panels or power grid depending the battery level. Some solar inverters are even intelligent enough just to take just as much deficit current from the grid as is required.
• A solar inverter helps in converting the Direct current in batteries into alternative current. This helps people who use limited amount of electricity.
• There is this synchronous solar inverter that helps small homeowners and power companies as they are large in size.
• Then there is this multifunction solar inverter which is the best among all and works efficiently. It converts the DC power to AC very carefully which is perfect for commercial establishments
• Solar inverters are the best way and they are better than the normal electric ones. Also their maintenance does not cost much money.
• Solar Inverters can work when there is no Sunlight but provided their battery is charged fully with the help of Sunlight

1.6                                         PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

• Initially you need to shell out a lot of money for buying a solar inverter
• It will work effectively and produce direct current only when the Sunlight is strong.
• The solar panels that are used to attract Sunlight requires lots of space
• The device can work efficiently only if the presence of the Sun is strong.
• Maintenance and replacement may require more effort. In the event of a problem, a technician will need to access the roof to make repairs. Depending on your maintenance plan and warranty, this may cost you money.

 

1.7NEED FOR THE PROJECT

The general objective of the system is to provide efficiency, steadiness in the use of power appliances, by ensuring continuous availability of power supply even in the absence of mains. Uninterruptability of the system made it possible to eliminate all suspense from mains outage during the execution of an important and urgent assignment as may be required.
For better production of the system, the system was operated at a fully charged condition of the battery.
The project was rated 1000W of 220V and 50Hz. It was expected that at this condition, it was favourable to carry load of the stipulated power. Loads of low power factors are not helpful since they produce spikes. Overloading is not potent to provide zero change over time and the inverter had LEDs which indicates mains failure and battery discharge and system fault.
1.8                                              DEFINITION OF TERMS

• Inverter unit: This unit converts a DC voltage into AC voltage with the help of the inverter unit.
• Automatic Control Unit: This provides all the required control needed to meet up the objective of the whole system
• Battery Unit: This is a secondary cell unit, capable of storing enough DC voltage from either sun or AC main, of which is later converted to AC voltage.

 

CHAPTER ONE: The complete chapter one of “design and installation of 1000 watt solar power system” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter one of “design and installation of 1000 watt solar power system”consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on“design and installation of 1000 watt solar power system” was reviewed.

CHAPTER TWO: The complete chapter two of “design and installation of 1000 watt solar power system” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of “design and installation of 1000 watt solar power system” consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on “design and installation of 1000 watt solar power system” was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of “design and installation of 1000 watt solar power system” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of “design and installation of 1000 watt solar power system” consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of “design and installation of 1000 watt solar power system” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of “design and installation of 1000 watt solar power system” consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of “design and installation of 1000 watt solar power system” is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of “design and installation of 1000 watt solar power system” consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

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