This project is on "DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF FUELLESS POWER GENERATOR". This device is also known as INVERTER GENERATOR. It is designed to meet up with the power demand in the offices and in homes in the absence of power supply from the national supply authority, NEPA. In order words the device / item serves as a substitute for NEPA (PHCN) which almost monopolises the power supply to people and also our conventional generator. This device have overcome the need for conventional generator because it uses no fuel to generate power supply and it is also noiseless. It makes no noise during operation and no hazardous carbon monoxide is generated in the surrounding. This is a feature that makes it safe to use any where when compared to conventional generator. 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0      INTRODUCTION
1.1      OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.2      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.3      LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
1.4      SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
1.5      TYPES OF FUELLESS GENERATOR
1.6      APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
1.7      DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL GENERATOR AND FUELLESS GENERATOR

CHAPTER TWO
2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1      REVIEW OF HISTORY OF THE DEVICE
2.2      REVIEW OF HOW TO CHOOSING THE DEVICE
2.4      REVIEW OF FUELLESS GENERATOR CAPACITY
2.5      SAFETY OF FUELLESS GENERATOR
2.6      FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN INSTALLING FUELLESS GENERATOR

CHAPTER THREE
3.0      CONSTRUCTION
3.1      BASIC DESIGNS OF THE SYSTEM
3.2      BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.3      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.4      DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED
3.5      PARTS LIST 
3.6      CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.7      SYSTEM OPERATION 
3.8      SYSTEM INSTALLATION
3.8.1 fuelless  generator Installation Compartment
3.8.2  Mounting the generator
3.8.3  Fuse Holder Installation
3.8.4  Battery Installation Compartment
3.8.5  Mounting the Battery
3.8.6  DC Wiring
3.8.7  AC Wiring

CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS

4.0      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.1      CASING AND PACKAGING
4.2       ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.3      TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
4.4      COST ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0      CONCLUSION
5.1      RECOMMENDATION
5.2      REFERENCES

 

 

CHAPTER ONE
1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION
All modern engineering system include certain aspects of control systems at some point in their broadcast sense, control engineering and the associated theory are concerned with the means by which systems may be made to behave an a desired way.
The system on this thesis is a DC – AC converter, which is an apparatus which is used for conversion of Direct Current to Alternating Current or signal.
In our country, this equipment is not all that in used not because it is not important but because people never give it a thought as per the construction and design.
It is meant, use with a 12v lead acid battery. If it’s in a car for example a suitable output voltage of 220v AC is obtainable.
This output voltage of 220v AC can be used for powering small electrical appliances such as light, electric fans, radio, soldering iron etc.
However, it is worthwhile that AC operated with this appliance is nothing comparable to the AC generated by big generators. This is so because the voltage and power are less in terms of AC generation duration. This appliance is therefore suitable for short time replacement for the real AC generation especially in the remote areas and install where electrical appliances are sold and the need might arise for it to be tested and certified good.
The success of a fuelless generator installation depends mainly on the methods and materials used for the installation.  Low DC input voltage fuelless generator require high DC input currents.  For example, to provide a service of 15 Amperes at 220 Volts AC (1800 Watts) from a 12 Volt battery, the DC current will approach 180 Amperes!  How can we supply such a high current to the fuelless generator safely and efficiently?  This work will guide you through a successful power fuelless generator installation.
We are beginning with the assumption that the main three system components - inverter, battery, and alternator - have all been chosen. While installing and wiring these components we will follow the standards and recommended practices described by the:

• National Fire and Protection Association (NFPA)
• National Electrical Code Handbook- NEC 96
• Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
• SAE Handbook Volumes 1-4

1.2                                     AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The aim of this project is to design and install a fuelless generator which can be powered from the source of 12V battery thereby of improving back-up power and overall power system reliability in the polytechnic conference hall in a sustainable way, concentrating on battery / inverter systems. The project consists of installations, development of installation and operating protocols. At the end of this work students involved will be able:
i.  To design and install a circuit that will convert dc to ac power for various appliances used in domestic home.
ii  To provide a noiseless source of electricity generation.
iii.  To have a source of generating electricity that has no negative effect on the environment (i.e. no greenhouse effect).
iv  To provide a source of electricity power with low maintenance cost and zero fuel cost.

1.3                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This appliance is therefore suitable for short time replacement for the real AC generation especially in the remote areas and install where electrical appliances are sold and the need might arise for it to be tested and certified good.
Another main area where this equipment can be of great utility is in communication system, in a situation where there is constant AC power supply failure e.g in offices, fuelless generator is need and in such cases can be used as a light sources.
Fuel-less generator don’t put extra load on its power supply. Therefore you don’t see fluctuations in electricity caused by them.
The life of components (used in the AC and other electrical household components) is increased due to the same reason i.e. gentle power draw. Fuelless generators are much quieter compared to conventional ones. The outdoor unit usually makes far less sound as the unit is operating at a reduced rate.

1.4                                LIMITATION/ PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
It is easy to damage the machine if the user are not familiar with the operation, the user needs to strictly follow the user instructions.
Fuelless generator cost more. Even without the dual-mode function, they still come with high price tags.
The built-in circuit becomes far more complex due to multiple conversions from AC (Alternating Current) to DC (Direct Current) and back to AC (Alternating Current). 3-DC, 4-D or All DC inverter ACs have even more conversions taking place as there are more components working on DC.
Repair costs increase as components are more sophisticated and as a result, more expensive. They require more effort to build or repair.

1.5                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
Fuelless generator, is an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The input voltage, output voltage and frequency, and overall power handling depend on the design of the specific device or circuitry. Fuelless generator takes current from a battery, which is usually 12 Volt Dc, as batteries usually produce DC power, and then after passing this current through a 50Hz integrated circuit, it converts it into the normal 220 volt Ac which is commonly used.
The Scope of this project is to design and construct an inverter with output power rating of 5kVA, maximum output current of 22.72A, output voltage of 220V AC from a 12V DC input This project is basically designed for single phase domestic loads. The project is to be realized using simple and relatively cheap components available in the local markets.

1.6                                        TYPES OF FUELLESS GENERATOR
Fuelless generator can be categorized the following ways:
- Stand-alone (also known as Off-Grid):
Used in isolated systems where the inverter draws its DC energy from batteries charged by solar arrays and/or other sources, such as wind turbines, hydro turbines etc. Normally these do not interface in any way with the utility grid, and as such are not required to have anti-islanding protection.
- Grid-Tied: These systems match their phase with a utility-supplied sine wave. Grid-tie Fuelless generator are designed to shut down automatically upon loss of utility supply (referred to as anti-islanding protection). They do not provide backup power during utility outages. 
- Battery Backup: These are special Fuelless generator which is designed to draw energy from a battery, manage the battery charge via an onboard charger, and export excess energy to the utility grid. This generator is capable of supplying AC energy to selected loads during a utility outage, and is required to have anti-islanding protection.

1.7                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Fuel-less generator find diverse uses and applications in daily life, due to their function of converting DC to AC. The applications are as follows:
DC power source utilization: Fuel-less generator designed to provide 220 VAC from the 12 VDC source provided in an automobile. The unit shown provides up to 1.2 amperes of alternating current, or enough to power two sixty watt light bulbs.
This Fuel-less generator converts the DC electricity from sources such as batteries or fuel cells to AC electricity. The electricity can be at any required voltage; in particular it can operate AC equipment designed for mains operation, or rectified to produce DC at any desired voltage.
Uninterruptible power supplies: An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) uses batteries and an inverter to supply AC power when main power is not available. When main power is restored, a rectifier supplies DC power to recharge the batteries.
Electric motor speed control: fuelless generator circuits designed to produce a variable output voltage range are often used within motor speed controllers. The DC power for the inverter section can be derived from a normal AC wall outlet or some other source. Control and feedback circuitry is used to adjust the final output of the inverter section which will ultimately determine the speed of the motor operating under its mechanical load. Motor speed control needs are numerous and include things like: industrial motor driven equipment, electric vehicles, rail transport systems, and power tools.

1.8 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL GENERATOR AND FUEL-LESS GENERATOR
Conventional generators have been around for quite a while, and the basic concept behind them has remained essentially unchanged. They consist of an energy source, usually a fossil fuel such as diesel, propane or gasoline, which powers a motor attached to an alternator that produces electricity. The motor must run at a constant speed (usually 3600 rpm) to produce the standard current that most household uses require (in Nigeria, typically 220 Volts AC @ 50 Hertz). If the engine’s rpm fluctuates, so will the frequency (Hertz) of electrical output.
Fuel-less generators are a relatively recent development, made possible by advanced electronic circuitry. It inverter draws power from a fixed DC source (typically a comparatively fixed source like a car battery or a solar panel), and uses electronic circuitry to “invert” the DC power into the AC power. The converted AC can be at any required voltage and frequency with the use of appropriate equipment, but for consumer-level applications in Nigeria, the most common combination is probably taking the 12V DC power from car, boat or RV batteries and making it into the 220V AC power required for most everyday uses.
Conventional generators always bigger and heavier than Fuel-less generator. The compact size, relatively light weight and resulting portability of Fuel-less generator make them the clear winner in this category.
Conventional generators always noisy while Fuel-less generators are often designed from the ground up to be comparatively quiet
Conventional generators are often designed simply to get a certain amount of power where it is needed, and to keep the power on. Factors like the size of the unit have not been a major consideration. This has meant that conventional designs can often accommodate sizeable fuel tanks, with the obvious result being relatively long run times. This means that it uses fuel for it to operate.
Fuel-less generator draws power from DC source, either from battery or solar panel.
Conventional generators emit smoke which causes pollution while Fuel-less generator produces no smoke
A conventional generator is nothing more than an engine connected to an alternator and run at a speed that produces the desired AC frequency, regardless of the load on it (as the load increases the engine throttles up to keep the engine speed the same). The output of the alternator is connected directly to the load, without any processing.
With an Fuel-less generator, a rectifier is used to convert the AC power to DC and capacitors are used to smooth it out to a certain degree. The DC power is then “inverted” back into clean AC power of the desired frequency and voltage
Many Fuel-less generator can be paired with another identical unit to double your power capacity. This type of parallel capability means you can use two smaller, lighter generators to provide the same wattage and amperage of one much larger generator – without sacrificing all the benefits of the smaller, lighter, quieter, more portable inverter units. Conventional units simply can’t offer this feature. Note that you will need a special cable to connect your generators, which is generally not.

 

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