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TITLE PAGE

 

BY

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--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

DECEMBER,2018

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, "design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris (p.o.p) gypsum material" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

By
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Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

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External Invigilator

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

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          This project deals with the design and production of ceiling board using Plaster of Paris [POP] gypsum materials. Plaster of Paris [POP] is a white powdery mixture of gypsum. It has been named such because the first deposit of gypsum was found in Paris. This powder when mixed with water solidifies, but without losing its volume. During manufacturing process, the gypsum is heated and as such, it does not necessarily require any high heat treatment like ceramics and clays [Worrall 1999]. Because of its property to harden with just water, it is used in a number of areas, but most notably for molding decorative objects.
          According to Cornelis and Hurlbut (1985), plaster results from the calcinations of gypsum (CaS04.2H20), which partially dehydrates to produce a hemi-hydrate (CaS04.1/2H2O). Although plaster of Paris a widely used today: its origin dated 9,000 years old and were found in Amotolia and Syria. It is also know fact those 5000 years ago, the Egyptians burnt gypsum in open-air fire, then crushed it into powder and finally mixed with water to make jointing material for the blocks of monuments, used model of plaster taken directly from the human body.
1.1     LITERATURE REVIEW
Plaster is one of the oldest known synthetic building materials: it was used by the Egyptians at least 4000 years ago in the construction of the pyramids, and the Greeks were producing decorative plaster work by 500 BC. The chemistry of the conversion of gypsum to plaster was also investigated early on by chemists such as Le Chatelier (1850 - 1936) and van’t Hoff (1852 - 1911).
Plaster is made by heating gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) powder, thus converting it to calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CaSO4.½H2O). The hemihydrate is also known as stucco or Plaster of Paris. Probably so named because of the very large deposit of pure gypsum found beneath Paris. When water is added to the stucco, the material rehydrates to give a solid mass of gypsum. This rehydration is accompanied by an increase in temperature and a slight expansion of the plaster, causing the gypsum to perfectly fill a mould.
2.0     RESEARCH AIM AND OBJECTIVES
          The aim of this project is to design and produce ceiling board using Plaster of Paris (POP) gypsum materials.
          The objectives of the study are highlighted below:

• To produce durable light weight building material for ceiling
• To determine the strength of the ceiling board
• To determine its durability.
• To determine the volume and density of the ceiling board.

3.0     SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope and limitation of this project is basically the design and production of ceiling board using plaster of Paris [POP] gypsum material. In the project , the density of the sample will be determined and the flexural test will be carried out to determine the strength of the sample made up of composite quantity of POP plaster, water and Fibre [know as villas] when subjected to loading.
4.0     JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
The use of plaster of Paris [POP] gypsum ceiling board for ceiling finishing should be adopted and improved because the problems associated with asbestos, which have been used as ceiling finishes for years but with the use of plaster of paris [POP] gypsum material as ceiling finishes which offers sufficient sound insulation and considerable absorption of heart from the roof and hence provide employment opportunity to the producer.
5.0   METHODOLOGY
5.1     OBTAINMENT OF THE MATERIALS
The materials obtained for the project design are plaster of Paris, fiber (villas), water and mould.
The used materials were obtained from the following:-

• A local commercial POP material dealer Mevlon located at Ibrahim Taiwo Road Ilorin, Kwara State 
• The mould used was obtained from Muhummed store at Olomoyoyo Emir’s Road, Ilorin.
• Water supply was obtained from Civil Engineering Department Laboratory.

5.2     TOOLS USED FOR THE PROJECT ARE ENUMERATED THUS:-

• Scrapper
• Measuring tape
• Mixing bowl
• Bucket
• Ranges
• Saw 

5.3     MOULD’S PREPARATION
Already made mould (frame work) is used with dimension 710mm x 710mm x 14mm.
5.4     PREPARATION OF SEPARATOR
The separator is a mixture of premier soap and groundnut oil. It is applied to the mould for easy removal of the sample from the mould.
5.5     MIXING OF THE AGGREGATE
Mixing is the process of thoroughly combining different materials to produce a homogeneous product. In this case water and P.O.P plaster are mixed to form a mortar with mix proportion 3 liter of water to 2kg of P.O.P plaster mixed vigorously to form a homogeneous mixture.
5.6     CASTING
The underlisted steps explain the casting of POP ceiling board:-

• Firstly, the mortal was mixed in a clean container (mixing bowl). 
• Water was poured into the container (mixing bowl) and plaster of Paris was sprinkled over it.
• It took two minutes approximately before absorption.
• Then hand was used to mixed the mortal and shake vigorously to obtain a fully homogeneous mixture.
• The mortar was poured on the mould and sprayed to ensure it cover all the surface of the mould as first layer
• Fibre/villas was added which serves as reinforcement on the poured mortar.
• Similar mortar was prepared and poured on it and it was ensured that it covered the entire surface as well which serves as the second layer.
• Finally, the sample was left for 13 - 15 minutes to set.

5.7     DETACHING OF THE MOULD
The detaching of the ceiling board from the mould was done with the adoption of a special technique after the final setting. The setting period is very important and must be adversely followed to avoid breakages.

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CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris (p.o.p) gypsum material" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris (p.o.p) gypsum material" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related works on ""design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris (p.o.p) gypsum material were reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of ""design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris (p.o.p) gypsum material is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris (p.o.p) gypsum material" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of ""design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris (p.o.p) gypsum material is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of ""design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris (p.o.p) gypsum material consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a "design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris (p.o.p) gypsum material" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris (p.o.p) gypsum material" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

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