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TITLE PAGE
DESIGN OF A 4TH QUADRAT CHOPPER FOR DC-DC MOTOR
BY
---
--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, " design of a 4th quadrat chopper for dc-dc motor" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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The speed control of separately excited DC motor can be done by using choppers from 0 to rated speed .The chopper responds by providing variable voltage to the armature for receiving desired speed in accordance with the signal received from controller via firing circuit. There are two controlling loops one for controlling current and one for controlling speed. In this way modeling of separately excited DC motor is done. The model is simulated using matlab after obtaining the complete model of the system. Simulation is done for analyzing various speeds and load torque conditions. The above simulated model can be implemented as applicable to be used in HEV'S in open loop working in the entire four quadrants as per voltage v/s current plot. The IGBT'S are triggered by using pulse width modulation technique .Recent HEV employs a complex control system that involves vehicle to work on electric motor till the speed switch over the control of vehicle of the IC engine .The speed limit depends upon the efficiency of the IC engines in its initial gears .Therefore in the above context, the four quadrant operation is designed to operate at speeds from 0 to 700rpm.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
- PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
- SCOPE OF THE STUDY
- LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- APPLICATION OF THE STUDY
- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF DC MOTOR
- REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES DC MOTOR
- PRINCIPLE OF DC MOTOR
- DESCRIPTION OF CHOPPER
- PRINCIPLE OF CHOPPER OPERATION
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- BASICS OF CHOPPER
- SYSTEM MODELLING
- SIMULATION
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
- RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- FUTURE SCOPE
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The application of DC-DC convertors are widely found in switched mode power supplies. Input of the converter varies widely especially when the source is renewable source .So the input to these converters is unregulated but the output from this is expected to be harmonic and ripple free. Voltage regulation in the DC-DC converters is achieve by continuous adjustment of the amount of energy absorbed from source that is injected in the load which in turn can be achieved by controlling the time intervals of energy absorption and injection in the circuits . These two basic process of absorption and injection constitutes a switching cycle presented as duty cycle of operation D. There are two modes of operation current continuous and current discontinuous mode.
Various techniques were applied aiming at regulating chopper's duty cycle 'd' for reducing voltage ripple's and to maintain voltage at minimum switching losses. PWM converters are required to operate at high frequency due to demand high power density with reduced switching losses by using soft switching techniques. In order to achieve this aim zero-voltage switching method is employed in the main circuit with an auxiliary circuit that is activated just before the main circuit is to be turned on and is deactivated after sometime. Auxiliary circuit consist of IGBT((active switch) and passive elements (inductances and capacitances) that have lower ratings than the main circuit as auxiliary circuit is only activated for the fraction of switching cycle. PWM with such circuits are referred as zero-voltage transitions .The auxiliary circuits can be a non-resonant circuit with hard turn off or resonant circuit with soft turnoff.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main aim of this work is to setup a device that will control the speed of separately excited DC motor using chopper. The objectives are:
- To provide a variable voltage to the armature.
- To control the speed of a dc motor from 0 to rated speed
- To simulate a model using MATLAB
- To analyze various speeds and load torque conditions of a dc motor.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of the study is to ensure that a dc motor operates from the zero speed to the rated speed. This can be done by using choppers from 0 to rated speed.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The major component of this work is the chopper. The chopper responds by providing variable voltage to the armature for receiving desired speed in accordance with the signal received from controller via firing circuit. There are two controlling loops one for controlling current and one for controlling speed. In this way modeling of separately excited DC motor is done.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
Using chopper to control the speed of a dc motor has the following limitations:
- Source current of a chopper fed drive consists of pulses which are rich in harmonics and can also cause fluctuations in supply voltage.
- For the same rating the size of DC drive is much bigger than the AC drives.
- DC drives require more maintenance.
1.6 SIGNIFICACE OF THE STUDY
Chopper circuit is simple and can be modified to provide regeneration and the control is also simple. Lower cost, reliability and simple control for variable speed application. And it generates the maximum speed of a dc motor, that is, from 0 to the rated speed.
1.7 APPLICATION OF THE STUDY
Chopper speed control of the dc motor can be useful in the following places:
- Battery operated vehicle.
- Traction motor control in electric traction.
- Trolley Cars
- Hoists.
- Electric braking
1.8 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In the course of carrying this study, numerous sources were used which most of them are by visiting libraries, consulting journal and news papers and online research which Google was the major source that was used.
1.9 PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of " design of a 4th quadrat chopper for dc-dc motor" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of " design of a 4th quadrat chopper for dc-dc motor" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on " design of a 4th quadrat chopper for dc-dc motor" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of " design of a 4th quadrat chopper for dc-dc motor" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of " design of a 4th quadrat chopper for dc-dc motor" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of " design of a 4th quadrat chopper for dc-dc motor" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of " design of a 4th quadrat chopper for dc-dc motor" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of " design of a 4th quadrat chopper for dc-dc motor" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of " design of a 4th quadrat chopper for dc-dc motor" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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