CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTIONAs the non renewable energy resources are decreasing, use of renewable resources for producing electricity is increasing. Solar panels are becoming more popular day by day. Solar panel absorbs the energy from the Sun and is stored in the battery. This energy can be utilized when required. Utilization of the energy stored in batteries is mentioned in below given applications. Solar panels should absorb energy to a maximum extent. This can be done only if the panels are continuously placed towards Sun direction. So solar panel should continuously rotate in the direction of Sun. This work describes a system that rotates solar panel.
Solar panel is connected to Stepper motor. Solar panel consists of photovoltaic cells arranged in an order. Photovoltaic cell is nothing but a solar cell. Photo resembles light and voltaic is electricity. Solar cell is made up of semiconductor material silicon. When a light ray from Sun is incident on the solar cell, some amount of energy is absorbed by this material. The absorbed energy is enough for the electrons to jump from one orbit to other inside the atom. Cells have one or more electric field that directs the electrons which creates current. By placing metal contact energy can be obtained from these cells.
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
Solar panels should absorb energy to a maximum extent. This can be done only if the panels are continuously placed towards Sun direction. So solar panel should continuously rotate in the direction of Sun. The objective of this work is design a device that rotate solar panel in order for the solar panel to produce sufficient energy.
- The solar energy can be reused as it is non renewable resource.
- This also saves money as there is no need to pay for energy used.
1.3 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
- These panels can be used to power the traffic lights and streetlights
- These can be used in home to power the appliances using solar power.
- These can be used in industries as more energy can be saved by rotating the panel.
1.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT
- Though solar energy can be utilized to maximum extent this may create problems in rainy season.
- Although solar energy can be saved to batteries, they are heavy and occupy more space and required to change time to time.
- They are expensive.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The Sun tracking solar panel consists of two LDRs, solar panel and stepper motor and ATMEGA8 Micro controller. Two light dependent resistors are arranged on the edges of the solar panel. Light dependent resistors produce low resistance when light falls on them. The stepper motor connected to the panel rotates the panel in the direction of Sun. Panel is arranged in such a way that light on two LDRs is compared and panel is rotated towards LDR which have high intensity i.e. low resistance compared to other. Stepper motor rotates the panel at certain angle.
When the intensity of the light falling on right LDR is more, panel slowly moves towards right and if intensity on the left LDR is more, panel slowly moves towards left. In the noon time, Sun is ahead and intensity of light on both the panels is same. In such cases, panel is constant and there is no rotation.
1.6 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to a solar panel tracking system. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of solar panel tracking system were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of a solar panel tracking system. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
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