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TITLE PAGE
DETECTION OF POWER GRID SYNCHRONIZATION FAILURE ON SENSING FREQUENCY AND VOLTAGE BEYOND ACCEPTABLE RANGE
BY
---
--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, " detection of power grid synchronization failure on sensing frequency and voltage beyond acceptable range" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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The project is designed to develop a system to detect the synchronization failure of any external supply source to the power grid on sensing the abnormalities in frequency and voltage. There are several power generation units connected to the grid such as hydro, thermal, solar etc. to supply power to the load. These generating units need to supply power according to the rules of the grid. These rules involve maintaining a voltage variation within limits and also the frequency. If any deviation from the acceptable limit of the grid it is mandatory that the same feeder should automatically get disconnected from the grid which by effect is termed as islanding. This prevents in large scale brown out or black out of the grid power. So it is preferable to have a system which can warn the grid in advance so that alternate arrangements are kept on standby to avoid complete grid failure.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- ADVANTAGES OF THE STUDY
- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- RELATED WORK / LITERATURE REVIEW
- POWER GRID SYNCHRONIZATION
- DIFFICULTIES FACED WHILE SYNCHRONIZING ALTERNATORS TO ELECTRICAL GRID
- REVIEW OF RELATED WORK
- HISTORY OF POWER GENERATION IN NIGERIA
- OVERTVIEW OF ISLANDING
- WAYS TO DETECTS AND RESOLVE ISLANDING
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
- SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
- CIRCUIT EXPLANATION
- SYSTEM OPERATION
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
- OBSERVATION AND RESULT
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
The modern society is so much dependent upon the use of electrical energy that it has become a part and parcel of our life. Several new trends have already employed in the electricity infrastructure. It includes the expansion of the existing grid with micro grids and mega grids, extensive sensors, data processing, visualization tools, etc. For synchronization of all power generating station with State as well as National power grid we have selected three parameters voltage, frequency and phase angle between voltage and current if any of these parameters is violated due to any abnormality or fault the power station will not be able to fulfill all the three condition for synchronizations.
The detecting power grid synchronization failure system on sensing frequency or voltage beyond the acceptable range is very important in that power generation systems, where different supply sources are connecting parallel together for supplying the uninterruptible power supply to a single loaded bus bar. But for connecting the different supply sources on a single bus bar there are some limitations, such the voltage and frequency both should be same of the connecting power sources. If the both limitations are not fulfilled by the connecting power supply sources then the more current could be pass through any source or output load, resulted damaged or destroy the supply source or connecting load. For this purposes, the supply voltage and supply frequency both are detected continuously, when both are same then synchronized or connected parallel all the supply sources.
Power grid synchronization failure occurs when one or many sources continue to feed power to a part of the grid that is disconnected from the main utility. Islanding situations can damage the grid itself or equipments connected to the grid and can even compromise the security of the maintenance personnel that service the grid. Therefore, according to IEEE1547 standard, power grid synchronization failure should be identified and disconnected in 2 seconds. The main aim of this work is to build a device that detects power grid synchronization failure.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
For the detection of synchronization and failure of synchronization, different companies are made different systems with the help of different controllers, voltage sensors and frequency sensors, but their system is so much expensive and complex. Here we have designed a system that is called a detecting power grid synchronization failure system on sensing frequency or voltage beyond the acceptable range with the help of pic microcontroller 18F452. This system disconnects the output load when synchronization failure is occurred and save the output load.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objective of this paper is to detect the failure of synchronization in power grid. This is a demonstration devised to provide such kind of a system that could detect the failure in synchronous working of the power grid in case any external supply source that is supplying to the grid is encountering any kind of abnormalities may be in frequency and voltage levels.
1.4 APPLICATION OF STUDY
This detecting power grid synchronization failure system on sensing frequency or voltage beyond the acceptable range could be used in that power houses where different supply sources are connected parallel together to fulfill the energy demand.
This system could be used in home automation system, where the consumer has different energy sources such as solar or wind energy. By using this system, the consumer load could be automatically shifted to another source of energy.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This research work seeks to design automatic and efficient fault detection and location system for both overhead and underground power transmission network system using both existing fault indicator technology and commercially proven communication technology to quickly and accurately pin point faulted sections of a transmission system.
1.6 ADVANTAGES OF THE STUDY
- Here we can use, beyond the acceptable range could be used in that power houses where different supply sources are connected parallel together to fulfill the energy demand
- By using this system, the consumer load could be automatically shifted to another source of energy.
- This system is more compact and reliable as compared to the manual system.
- It secured the power of the grid coming from different power stations by detecting the abnormal conditions of frequency and voltage beyond its acceptable
- It prevents the synchronization failure between power grid and feeder.
1.7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In the course of carrying this study, numerous sources were used which most of them are by visiting libraries, consulting journal and news papers and online research which Google was the major source that was used.
1.8 PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of " detection of power grid synchronization failure on sensing frequency and voltage beyond acceptable range" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of " detection of power grid synchronization failure on sensing frequency and voltage beyond acceptable range" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on " detection of power grid synchronization failure on sensing frequency and voltage beyond acceptable range" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of " detection of power grid synchronization failure on sensing frequency and voltage beyond acceptable range" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of " detection of power grid synchronization failure on sensing frequency and voltage beyond acceptable range" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of " detection of power grid synchronization failure on sensing frequency and voltage beyond acceptable range" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of " detection of power grid synchronization failure on sensing frequency and voltage beyond acceptable range" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a " detection of power grid synchronization failure on sensing frequency and voltage beyond acceptable range" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of " detection of power grid synchronization failure on sensing frequency and voltage beyond acceptable range" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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