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This research was conducted for investigating the effect of lesson planning on student achievement in social studies in Osun State. This research identified the significant difference in student achievement as a result of lesson planning. It also examined the effects of lesson planning on content literacy in the classroom. This study encouraged teachers to use lesson planning in teaching. Thus, the teaching procedure will be simple for the teachers and the students, and that will make the class progressively powerful, intriguing and charming. The population for this study consisted of all the elementary schools in Osun State, in session 2020-21. The sample for the study comprised of 10 teachers and 50 students from selected school. A self designed questionnaire was used by the researcher to collect information related to effects of effective lesson plans on students' achievement. The research found that most of the teachers used planned lessons and they agree that planning makes their lesson more efficient and effective for students. The researcher found a positive connection between lesson planning and students' results. The research after concluding all results, recommended that teachers need to plan their lessons adequately. The creation of all around planned lessons is a powerful method for make ideas of students clear.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTERS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study 1.2 Statement of the Problem 1.3 Research Objectives 1.4 Research Questions 1.5 Significance of the Study 1.6 Limitations of the Study 1.7 Delimitation of the Study 1.8 Research Methodology

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 review of the study 2.2 Lesson Planning 2.2.1 Approaches To Lesson Planning 2.2.2 Standards-Based Lesson Planning 2.2.3 The Four Stages of Lesson Planning 2.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF LESSON PLANS 2.3.1 Adaptability 2.3.2 Cognitive Enactment 2.3.3 Coherence 2.4 BASIC COMPONENTS OF A GOOD LESSON PLAN 2.4.1 Instructing Goals 2.4.2 Heating up Movement 2.4.3 Systems and Strategies 2.4.4 Appraisal 2.5      THEORITICAL PERSPECTIVE 2.51   The Nature of social studies 2.5.2  Social Studies Is the Study of People 2.5.3  Social Studies Should Help Students Acquire Knowledge, Master the Processes of Learning, and Become Active Citizens

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY                    3.1 Population 3.2 Sample 3.3 Research instrument 3.4 Data collection 3.5 Data Analysis

CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 4.1 Analysis of Teachers Questionnaire 4.2 Analysis of Students' Questionnaire

CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS  5.1 Summary 5.2 Findings 5.3 Conclusion 5.4 Discussions 5.5 Recommendations

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Appendix I: Teachers' Questionnaire	48
Appendix II: Students' Questionnaire	50

 

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Education is crucial to the social, political and economic development of any nation and consequently effective education is very important. Effective teaching is important because it is based on helping children developments from one level to another in a friendlier interactive society and to help students to be independent. Effectiveness does not mean being perfect or giving excellent performances, it is mean being able to plan effective lessons to catch the learner’s attention and to get them wholly engaged within the learning process, and consequently no time is available to make noise or bad behaviors in the classroom. For that it has been said that good order is the foundation of all things (Othmane, 2015). Classroom management deals with how things are generally carried out in the classroom. According to Rothstein (2008) classroom management is the relation between the teacher’s ability and student’s behavior to establish an appropriate classroom learning and teaching. Also Groves (2009) asserted that “classroom management is set of rules, words, and deeds that, the classroom teacher, use to keep classroom running smoothly so that you and your students can work, teach, and learn safely and efficiently”.
In addition, teaching is the interaction between teacher and student who participate for getting their own objectives. The quality of the teacher- student relationship is the reason for all other aspects of classroom management, therefore, we may say that the teachers play a major role in planning lesson. When they prepare it effectively, they will have a well-managed classroom since this helps them to avoid discipline problems and to facilitate student learning. Classroom management involves all aspects of what is going on in the classroom while a lesson is being taught because it includes elements of classroom discipline but it focuses more on creating learning environment that is organized, engaged and respectful for both teachers and students. (Hanane, 2016). Teachers as well were concerned with the questions of how to teach effectively and how to plan lessons successfully in order to avoid any mistakes with classroom management. Lesson plan as an effective tool of teaching was described by loads of researchers, below are some of them. This study was carried out to determine the effects of effective lesson planning on students achievement in social studies in Osun State.

1.2 Statement of Problem:
Lesson plan is one of the most frequent effective factors in the classroom management settings. It has a great influence to manage a good classroom because classes without teacher’s planning may lead to discipline problems, disruptive behavior, poor learning, disappointment and frustration. Most of the researchers have the same idea that without lesson plan teachers cannot manage the classroom well which already mentioned in previous pages. Also, a study was conducted by Behzad (2013) reveled that Afghanistan is a developing country which nowadays is experiencing quality education but still there are lots of problems that cause low quality education. Lack of qualified teachers is one of the causes which the majority of school teachers (especially remote areas) are lack of pedagogical content knowledge which in the result they use poor teaching methods. Do not planning a lesson is another problem which cause low quality teaching. Lesson plan helps teachers to teach effectively and achieve the goal. Most of Osun State teachers design lesson plan, but have problems in its implementing, in some remote areas the teachers are unaware of designing lesson plan, because most of them are 12th grade graduates.
To respond the above issues and problems this research conducted to explore the use of lesson plan for managing classrooms in Osun state primary schools especially in social studies and find out the methods of applying lesson plan for managing classrooms better.
In this investigation, it was expected to audit the lesson plan practices and its belongings.

1.3 Research Objectives:
This research paper focused on the following objectives:

1. To identify the significant difference in student achievement as a result of lesson planning.
2. To examine the effects of lesson planning on content literacy in the classroom.

3. To compare the teaching practice with planned lessons with traditional teaching without planning.

1.4 Research Questions:
This research study will investigate:
1. Do lessons planned advance a huge distinction in students' academic accomplishment?
2. Will lesson planning techniques emphatically influence content         education in the classroom?
3. Do students in a planned lesson condition perform well when contrasted with the understudies in a classroom where no planning are utilized?

1.5 Significance of the Study:
1. This study is of incredible use to school teachers. The study will encourage teachers to use lesson planning in teaching. Thus, the teaching procedure will be simple for the teachers and the students, and that will make the class progressively powerful, intriguing and charming.
2. This study will profit students. Utilizing the appropriate planning in teaching which accommodates students' need, level and age, and that improves students' capacities to learn.
3. This study assists authors and educational programs creators with considering the lesson planning later on. This study may also prompt the examination of more investigations in this field for various populaces and factors.      
4. The ultimate study has a great impact on the learning and teaching process. In order to create a good atmosphere in the classroom, teachers must plan a well-organized lesson. It clarifies the role of lesson planning in improving learners’ effective classroom.

1.6 Limitations of the Study:
As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-

1. Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
2. Financial Constraint:        Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).

Time Constraint:   The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.
1.7 Delimitations of the Study:
"Delimitations are willful limits set by the specialist on the reason and extent of the investigation." The accompanying delimitations were set on this investigation:

1. Students are learning at secondary dimension.
2. Data accumulation included data from the 2020-2022 school session.

1.8                                     PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.

CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Summary:
The present research endeavored to examine whether instructor readiness of their lessons affects the student's scholarly execution and whether they know about the significance of lesson planning on upgrading students' learning, and on the off chance that they utilize some uncommon powerful procedures of arrangement to get their students increasingly drew in and intrigued. This research was conducted for investigating the effect of effective of lesson planning on academic achievement of students at primary level in social studies in Osun State. This research will identify the significant difference in student achievement as a result of lesson planning. It also examines the effects of lesson planning on content literacy in the    classroom. This study will encourage teachers to use lesson planning in teaching. Thus, the teaching procedure will be simple for the teachers and the students, and that will make the class progressively powerful, intriguing and charming. The population for this study consisted of all the primary schools in Osun State, in session 2020-21. The sample for the study comprised of 10 teachers and 50 students from selected school. A self designed questionnaire is used by the researcher to collect information related to effects lesson plans on students' achievement. The research found that most of the teachers used planned lessons and they agree that planning makes their lesson more efficient and effective for students. The researcher found a positive connection between lesson planning and students' results. The research after concluding all results, recommends that teachers need to plan their lessons adequately. The creation of all around planned lessons is a powerful method for make ideas of students clear.

5.2 Findings:
All through the investigation of the teachers and students' polls, the accompanying discoveries were concluded:

1. Most of teachers plan their lessons.
2. Teachers know about the significance of lesson planning for the two teachers and students.
3. Lesson planning may influence students' adapting decidedly or contrarily relying upon how well it is structured.
4. Interruption and weariness in the classroom can be decreased by the planning of lesson.
5. There is a solid connection between lesson planning and students' results.
6. Students have an inspirational demeanor toward their teachers lesson planning.
7. Teachers utilize a couple of exercises for making students intrigued by their classrooms.

5.3 Conclusion:
The lesson planning process empowers educators to evaluate their very own knowledge as for the substance to be taught (Reed and Michaud, 2010). Lesson plan is the best bent for the two educators as an ordered system to instruct and understudies as a point by point manual for learn. All of the instructors either experienced or student one should give more thought with respect to develop a dealt with study hall condition. If instructors center considerably more around preparing and planning lessons, it will help the understudies a great deal in extending their elevating outlook towards learning, and this lead toward time the load up in the class.
There are different preferences to making a lesson plan. Regardless, lesson planning produces progressively bound together lessons (Jensen, 2001). It offers educators the opportunity to contemplate their choice of lesson focuses on, the sorts of activities that will meet these goals, the progression of those activities, the materials required, to what degree each development may take, and how understudies should be accumulated.
Instructors can consider the associations between one activity and the accompanying, the association between the present lesson and any past or future lessons, and the connection between's learning activities and assessment practices. Since the teacher has considered these affiliations and would now have the option to make the affiliations express to understudies, the lesson will be progressively essential to them.

5.4 Discussion:
A teacher with a plan, by then, is an undeniably certain instructor (Jensen, 2001). The instructor is secure with what ought to be done, how, and when. The lesson will all in all stream even more effectively in light of the way that every one of the information has been gathered and the nuances have been settled on ahead of time. The teacher won't waste class time flipping through the course perusing, taking into account what to do straightaway, or hustling to make photocopies. The instructor's assurance will awaken more respect from the understudies, along these lines decreasing request issues and helping the understudies to feel dynamically free and open to learning.
A couple of educators feel that lesson planning takes an exorbitant measure of time. Anyway lesson plans can be used afresh, in whole or somewhat, in various lessons months or years after the fact on (Jensen, 2001). Various educators keep reports of past lessons they have taught, which they by then pull in on to support planning for their present classes. Toward the day's end, lesson planning by and by can save time later.
Lesson plans can be useful for different people likewise (Jensen, 2001). Substitute instructors face the trial of demonstrating another teacher's class and esteem tolerating a lesson plan to seek after. Understanding that the substitute is following the plan also gives the standard homeroom instructor assurance that the class time is being used productively in his or her nonattendance. Moreover, lesson plans can in like manner chronicle for administrators the direction that is occurring. If a director needs to grasp what was done in class two weeks earlier, the teacher simply needs to insinuate that day's lesson plan. Finally, lesson plans can fill in as evidence of an instructor's master presentation. Instructors are all over mentioned to consolidate lesson plans, nearby various materials, as a segment of a portfolio to help their yearly execution evaluation. Educators applying for new occupations might be drawn closer to submit lesson plans as a part of their duties application with the objective that organizations can get a sentiment of their legitimate aptitudes and teaching style.

5.5 Recommendations:
The research after concluding all results, recommends that:

1. Teachers need to plan their lessons adequately.
2. The creation of all around planned lessons is a powerful method for make ideas of students clear.
3. Viable educating and learning couldn't occur in a problematic domain; the teachers' job here is to apply some classroom the executives' techniques as a major aspect of his/her lesson plans.
4. Weariness and absence of inspiration and premium are a couple of reasons, among numerous behind students' low outcomes, thus the educator as a compelling planner should plan successful lessons that consider all the recently referenced reasons of classroom learning issues.
5. Having goals for each lesson is critical for the instructor to recognize what to do and for the students to realize what they should do.
6. Students' needs and contrasts ought to be considered by the educator in such a case that they are ignored, the students may respond contrarily particularly on the off chance that they are youthful.
7. Planning lessons must be set up by the teachers to encourage showing learning process.
8. Compelling educating can be the establishment of viable lesson plan.
9. Educator's lesson plan can build up an all around oversaw classroom in which it enables them to sort out their classrooms.

Understudy's prerequisites and premiums must be known by the educator to make them into thought particularly when they have to build up students' enthusiasm towards learning.

 

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CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "effects of effective lesson planning on students achievement in social studies in osun state" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "effects of effective lesson planning on students achievement in social studies in osun state" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "effects of effective lesson planning on students achievement in social studies in osun state" was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "effects of effective lesson planning on students achievement in social studies in osun state" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "effects of effective lesson planning on students achievement in social studies in osun state"consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "effects of effective lesson planning on students achievement in social studies in osun state" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "effects of effective lesson planning on students achievement in social studies in osun state" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "effects of effective lesson planning on students achievement in social studies in osun state" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "effects of effective lesson planning on students achievement in social studies in osun state" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

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