USER'S INSTRUCTIONS: The project work you are about to view is on "electromagnetic wave: application at satellite television spectrum" . Please, sit back and study the below research material carefully. This project topic "electromagnetic wave: application at satellite television spectrum" have complete 5(five) Chapters. The complete Project Material/writeup include: Abstract + Introduction + etc + Literature Review + methodology + etc + Conclusion + Recommendation + References/Bibliography.Our aim of providing this "electromagnetic wave: application at satellite television spectrum" project research material is to reduce the stress of moving from one school library to another all in the name of searching for "electromagnetic wave: application at satellite television spectrum" research materials. We are not encouraging any form of plagiarism. This service is legal because, all institutions permit their students to read previous projects, books, articles or papers while developing their own works.

---

TITLE PAGE

 

BY

---
--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

---

APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, "electromagnetic wave: application at satellite television spectrum" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

By
---                                                     . ---
Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

……………………………….
---
External Invigilator

---

DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

---

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

---

PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This work "electromagnetic wave: application at satellite television spectrum" research material is a complete and well researched project material strictly for academic purposes, which has been approved by different Lecturers from different higher institutions. We made Preliminary pages, Abstract and Chapter one of "electromagnetic wave: application at satellite television spectrum" visible for everyone, then the complete material on "electromagnetic wave: application at satellite television spectrum" is to be ordered for. Happy viewing!!!

---

A satellite is defined as a natural space body orbiting around the other natural space body. As for example, moon is the satellite of earth and earth is the satellite of sun. Nowadays the artificial spacecrafts are named satellites as well, because they are launched by a rocket to the space and are kept there by gravitational force revolving around the earth similarly as planets can orbit around the other planets. Satellites are highly specialized wireless receivers/transmitters, which main function is to relay the radio frequency waves and the encoded information in them from one corner of the world to another. However, this work discuses the working of a satellite communication system and the use of electromagnetic (EM) waves in this system.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

1. PROBLEM STATEMENT
2. AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
3. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
4. DEFINITION OF TERMS
5. RESEARCH QUESTIONS

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

1. DESSCRIPTION OF SATELLITE
2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SATELLITE
3. OTHER TYPES OF SATELLITE
4. REVIEW OF APPLICATIONS OF SATELITE

CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY

1. USE OF EM WAVES IN SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
2. SELECTION OF THE BAND
3. BANDS OF INTEREST
4. USING C-BAND AND K-BAND
5. MAIN COMPONENTS OF A SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
6. WORKING OF A SATELLITE
7. SATELLITE COMMUNICATION BLOCK DIAGRAM

CHAPTER FOUR

1. NEED FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
2. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
3. OPERATION LIMIT OF SATELLITE
4. LIMITATIONS OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

CHAPTER FIVE

1. CONCLUSION
2. RECOMMENDATION

REFERENCES

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                      INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from the shorter wavelengths (including gamma and x-rays) to the longer wavelengths (including microwaves and broadcast radio waves). There are several regions of the electromagnetic spectrum which are useful for remote sensing. For most purposes, the ultraviolet or UV portion of the spectrum has the shortest wavelengths which are practical for remote sensing. This radiation is just beyond the violet portion of the visible wavelengths, hence its name. Some Earth surface materials, primarily rocks and minerals, fluoresce or emit visible light when illuminated by UV radiation (Martin, 2008). Satellites operate in a particular areas or “bands” of the spectrum, a portion of which you can see here. The higher up you go in frequency, the larger the bands become and the more information you can carry. Viasat operates primarily in the Ka-band, in the 28 GHz range. Most satellite TV operators use the lower frequency C or Ku-band, because the data flow only goes one direction and does not require as much bandwidth. However, when information must be sent both directions more bandwidth is required to make the communication work efficiently. These higher bands are good for transmitting data, but as you go up in frequency, the complexity of the equipment increases (Martin, 2008).

These higher frequencies are also more subject to interference — typically referred to as “attenuation.” Unlike shorter wavelengths, they don’t pass through solid objects like walls, and rain can also affect the signal. For Ku and Ka bands, this is in large part due to the fact that water molecules are approximately the same width as the wave. Satellite addresses this problem by using external antennas and line-of-sight installations. While heavy rain or snow can still affect signal, the effect is usually short-lived due to the duration of heavy weather.
In addition, ground-based technologies using these higher bands of the spectrum can use smaller antennas since the higher-frequency signals are able to be focused more effectively.
For satellite communications, different bandwidths are useful for different applications. For satellite broadband, the higher frequencies work best for transmitting more data. Viasat uses several different frequency bands for our services: L-band for maritime applications, Ku-band for some aviation, and Ka-band and above for aviation, residential and more.
Electromagnetic waves is used for communication. Mobile phones communicate to a mobile cell tower using radio waves, towers communicate with satellites. This signal can be sent to a satellite and used to communicate around the world. This work studies the application of electromagnetic wave in satellite communication.

1.2                                  AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

This work is aimed at studying the basics of electromagnetic wave and how satellite television used it. The objectives are: To explain the different methods by which electromagnetic waves are produced across the spectrum. To determine the type of Electromagnetic waves used in satellite communication. To explain why the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave.

1.3                                                SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This work covers the description of radio frequencies allow information (images, sound, and data) to be transmitted over large distances by radio waves and the basis of satellite communications, which are known as a portion of the “electromagnetic spectrum” which is the term used to describe the range of possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiations.

1.4                                               DEFINITION OF TERMS

Waves: Electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation) travels in waves at the speed of light. Unlike waves that travel through sound and water, EM waves require no medium. They can move through air as well as the vacuum of space.
The electromagnetic spectrum: This refers to the range of all types of EM radiation, which is a form of energy. The difference between one end of the spectrum and the other is determined by the frequency of the waves. Visible light makes up one section of the EM spectrum, as do radio, X-rays and gamma rays.
Frequency bands: This term simply refers to the chunks of wavelengths making up the spectrum. Ka-band, often used for satellite, is one type of band. Visible light is another. Some bands are quite large, while others may have just a sliver of “bandwidth.”

1.5                                               RESEARCH QUESTIONS
At the end of this study answers to the following question shall be provided:

1. Which electromagnetic wave in the spectrum is used in television?
2. What are the applications of electromagnetic spectrum?
3. How are electromagnetic waves used in satellite communication?
4. Which part of electromagnetic spectrum is used in satellite communication?
5. Can you identify forms of communication that use electromagnetic waves?
6. What is the working principle of satellite?

 

---

CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "electromagnetic wave: application at satellite television spectrum" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "electromagnetic wave: application at satellite television spectrum" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "electromagnetic wave: application at satellite television spectrum" was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "electromagnetic wave: application at satellite television spectrum" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "electromagnetic wave: application at satellite television spectrum" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "electromagnetic wave: application at satellite television spectrum" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "electromagnetic wave: application at satellite television spectrum" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "electromagnetic wave: application at satellite television spectrum" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "electromagnetic wave: application at satellite television spectrum" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

---

To "DOWNLOAD" the complete material on this particular topic above click "HERE"

Do you want our Bank Accounts? please click HERE

To view other related topics click HERE

To "SUMMIT" new topic(s), develop a new topic OR you did not see your topic on our site but want to confirm the availiability of your topic click HERE

Do you want us to research your new topic? if yes, click "HERE"

Do you have any question concerning our post/services? click HERE for answers to your questions

---

For more information contact us through any of the following means:

Mobile No :+2348146561114 or +2347015391124 [Mr. Innocent]

Email address :engr4project@gmail.com

Watsapp No :+2348146561114

---

COUNTRIES THAT FOUND OUR SERVICES USEFUL

Australia, Botswana, Canada, Europe, Ghana, Ireland, India, Kenya, Liberia, Malaysia, Namibia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Uganda, United States, United Kindom, Zambia, Zimbabwe, etc
Support: +234 8146561114 or +2347015391124

Watsapp No :+2348146561114

Email Address :engr4project@gmail.com

---

FOLLOW / VISIT US VIA: