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TITLE PAGE

ESP ARTIFICIAL LIFT METHOD TO BOOST WELL PRODUCTIVITY

BY

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EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ---
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

DECEMBER,2018

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, "esp artificial lift method to boost well productivity" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a B.Sc on Public Health Education has been approved.

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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Pressure depletion happens when the well is produced after a long time. This depletion will cause the increase of associated gas production. RSN field is well known field with high gas oil ratio (GOR). Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) is a kind of artificial lift which used in RSN field (Robust Secure Network). Well performance in RSN field is decreased time to time because of increase of gas production. Gas production caused zero mega which disrupting performance of ESP. This gassy problem in RSN field can be solved by converting ESP to gas lift. Gas lift is an artificial lift which is suitable for high GOR field. Before converting to gas lift, field performance evaluation needs to be done for each wells (GOR, casing pressure, productivity index). After evaluation, optimization will be done by converting to gas lift. Gas lift design is generated by making sensitivity analysis with injection gas rate and well head pressure as variable. The last is economic analysis from the gas lift conversion.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF RESEARCH
• ADVANTAGES OF  USING ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS
• DISADVANTAGES OF  USING ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

• OVRERVIEW OF ARTIFICIAL LIFT
• REVIEW OF ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS
• ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
• COMPONENTS OF AN ESP SYSTEM
• INSTALLATION AND HANDLING
• MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING

CHAPTER THREE

• METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER FOUR
4.1       RESULT AND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

 

 

CHAPTER ONE
1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION
1.1                                               BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Oil and Gas is considered to be one of the major sources of energy in the world due to its high energy density, easy transportability, and relative abundance. It is a vital factor in every country’s economy. Almost all items that we buy, use, and consume are products of oil. The EIA (Energy Information Administration) stated that the world consumption of crude oil daily is 85.64 million barrels, which is equivalent to 2 liters of oil per day per person. Generally, oil can be produced from the reservoir by the stored energy of the oil in the reservoir. This energy is obtained by the difference between the reservoir and wellbore pressures. If this difference is high, the well will be capable of producing naturally.
Most oil wells worldwide produce naturally in their early lives until there is a decrease in the reservoir pressure which leads us to enhanced oil recovery. When a well has been producing for a period of time, there will be decrease in reservoir pressure and as a result the difference between reservoir and wellbore pressure will decline. So, the energy in the well will not be able to lift oil up to surface, or it might lift oil to the surface but in less than economic volume. At this stage, artificial lift is introduced and it can be utilized to overcome this issue by reducing the wellbore pressure. This reduction will bring back the essential difference between the reservoir and wellbore pressure so oil can be extracted and lifted up to the surface. One of the most important roles of artificial lift is to maximize the production rate from flowing wells. Artificial lift can be divided into two types, based on lifting mechanism: gas lifting and pumps. 
The gas lifting method makes use of a compressed gas that is injected from the surface to certain points in the tubing. This gas will lower the density of the fluid column in the tubing causing a reduction in the wellbore pressure and therefore increasing production. The pumping method, on the other hand, involves setting the pump at a certain depth inside the tubing that will cause it to be submerged below the liquid level. This pump will lower the wellbore pressure and hence increase the drawdown, thereby boosting production. The most common artificial lift methods used are as follows:

·         Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP)
·         Sucker Rod Pumps (SRP)
·         GasLift (GL)
·         Plunger Lift Pumps (PLNG)
·         Progressive Cavity Pumps (PCP)
Hydraulic Pumps (HP) Bearden (2007), stated that ESP is the most competent and consistent method of artificial lift when moderate to high volume of oil needs to be lifted from the well. He also estimated the lifting capacity of ESPs to be as low as 150 barrels per day and as high as 150,000 barrels per day.
 
1.2                                          STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
A major challenge faced in lifting oil and gas from the reservoir through the production tubing to the surface facilities is an unnecessary production decline which is as a result of low reservoir pressure and it is a serious problem in the petroleum industry today. This decline may be as a result of mismanagement of wells, excessive pressure drops along the production system, oversized or undersized tubing, and improper perforation method etc. A change in any component of the production system may lead to a change in the pressure drop behavior of the other components since the various components are interactive. This study shows the design of an ESP artificial lift system and production optimization of Well J-50 is a new horizontal well in a Niger Delta field. In other to optimize production and produce about 10,000bopd as the desired rate of production, ESP was recommended to be designed for the well to achieve optimum production by.

1.2                                                   AIM AND OBJECTIVES
The major aim of carrying out this research is to optimize production for well J-50 by designing an artificial lift system while its objectives are as follows;
·         To design an artificial lift system (ESP) for a well that the production rate has declined.
·         To boost production for a producing well and increase revenue.
·         To describe and design an operation of ESP for a given well.
 
1.4                                               SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY.
The significance of this study in the petroleum industry is to show the importance of designing ESP for a new well and also the use of artificial lift in maximizing oil production.  

1.5                                      SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF RESEARCH
The scope of this research is limited to the use of manual method and PROSPER in designing an ESP for artificial lift so as to optimize production. There are other software that can also be used in designing an ESP System but for this project PROSPER is used due to availability. The study is conducted in a Niger Delta reservoir and a suitable ESP design will be done to increase the well production potential.

1.5  ADVANTAGES OF USING ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS

ESPs provide a number of advantages.

• Adaptable to highly deviated wells; up to horizontal, but must be set in straight section.
• Adaptable to required subsurface wellheads 6 ft apart for maximum surface-location density.
• Permit use of minimum space for subsurface controls and associated production facilities.
• Quiet, safe, and sanitary for acceptable operations in an offshore and environmentally conscious area.
• Generally considered a high-volume pump.
• Provides for increased volumes and water cuts brought on by pressure maintenance and secondary recovery operations.
• Permits placing wells on production even while drilling and working over wells in immediate vicinity.
• Applicable in a range of harsh environments.

1.6  DISADVANTAGES OF USING ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS

ESPs have some disadvantages that must be considered.

• Will tolerate only minimal percentages of solids (sand) production, although special pumps with hardened surfaces and bearings exist to minimize wear and increase run life.
• Costly pulling operations and lost production occur when correcting downhole failures, especially in an offshore environment.
• Below approximately 400 B/D, power efficiency drops sharply; ESPs are not particularly adaptable to rates below 150 B/D.
• Need relatively large (greater than 4½-in. outside diameter) casing size for the moderate- to high-production-rate equipment.

1.7                                                         PROJECT ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,  chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.

 

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