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OvertheyearstheNigerianpolicehaveexperiencedpublicscornandapathyduetounprofessional conducts, extra judicial killings, lack of commitment amongst others. Itbecomesnecessarythereforetoputinplacemechanismthatwilladdresstheinadequacies in the force particularly as it affects public perception of the institution.The Nigerian police over the years have had image problem which culminatedin the 2020 EndSARS Protests. This research work assessespublic relation department of Nigeria police asa tool for repositioning the image ofthe Nigerian Police Force using the Lagos State police command as a study. The study adopted survey research methodwith a population of 23,887,937 and a sample size of 400 derived from theLagos State of Nigeria.Datawascollectedthroughtheuseofinterviewsonface-to-facebasisaswellasquestionnaire.Amongthefindingsfromthestudywerethat,thereisadecreaseinpolicebrutalitiesasaresultofthepost EndSARSProtestsinSouth-East,Nigeriaandthat,thereisadecreaseinbriberyandextra-judicialkillingsbytheNigerianPoliceForceaftertheEndSARS Protests in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study recommended that; intensive humanrights training should be given to all law enforcement officers especially those in the newlyestablishedSWATunitoftheNigerianPoliceForce.Also,governmentshouldtreatallmattersrelating to police brutality, torture and extra-judicial killings in line with the gravity of theoffenceand defaulters should be madeto facethefull wrath ofthe law.
KEYWORDS:Evaluation,policerelations,EndSARS,youthsprotests,extra-judicial killingsandhumanrightabuse, CorporateImage,Force,Policing.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0      INTRODUCTION
1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2      STATEMENTOFTHE PROBLEM
1.3     OBJECTIVESOF THESTUDY
1.4      SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.5      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.6      RESEARCHQUESTIONS
1.7      DEFINITION OF TERMS\

CHAPTER TWO
2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1      CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.2     THEORETICALFRAMEWORK
2.3      EMPIRICAL REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE
3.0     METHODOLOGY
3.1      SOURCES OF DATA

3.2             POPULATIONOF THE STUDY

3.3      SAMPLESIZE

3.4      SAMPLINGTECHNIQUE

3.5      DATACOLLECTIONANDANALYSIS

CHAPTER FOUR
DATAPRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1      DATAPRESENTATION
4.2      DATAANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1      CONCLUSION
5.2      RECOMMENDATION
5.3      REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE
1.0                                                          INTRODUCTION
1.1                                            BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
This popular saying that “police is your friend” has not really been accepted by some peoplein the past in Nigeria. Irrespective of this statement made above, it has not really beenconfirmedthatNigerianPoliceForcehasgoodimageintheeyesofthemassesastheforcehasbad image problem in Nigeria over the years. Because of what they see as police brutality,extortion,killingsandotherformsofinhumanactivitiesmetedouttothemassesbytheNigeriaPoliceForce(NPF),Policein Nigerianowonderisbelievedtohavebadimageinthecountry.In a situation where those who are given the onerous task to protect the lives and properties ofindividuals in a society turn out to be their nemesis, it therefore means that the idea that thepoliceisyourfriend,cannoteasilystandthetestoftime.InNigeriatoday, whatmostcitizensofthecountrythinkabouttheNPFisthat,itisaforcemeanttooppressthehopeless,thehave-nots an at the same time, used to protect the haves – the shakers and movers of the country’spolitical, economic, religious and other structures of the Nigerian society.That is why a richman in Nigeria can easily use the police for all sorts of intimidation, harassment and otherformsofillegalactivitiesagainstothersbecause,theNigerianPoliceForcecaneasilybeboughtover.
Such anti-social behaviour by the Nigerian Police has led to the clamour for the disbandmentof a police unit in Nigeria known as Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS).Thanks to the roleplayedbythesocialmedia,especiallyTwitterandFacebook:andtheopennessofaninternational human rights organization known as Amnesty International. These organizationshelpedalottoexposetheinhumanactivitiesoftheoperativesofSARSinNigeria.Nowonder,“Amnesty International (2020) in a report entitled “You have signed your Death Warrant”stated that in one of their visits to SARS detention centre called the Abbatoir in Abuja, thefederal capital territory; about 130 detainees were living in crowded cells and that they wereregularly tortured with different methods. The human rights organization went further to statethat, such methods of torture included: hanging, starvation, beatings, shootings and mockexecutions.Such inhuman treatment meted to detainees by SARS led the masses to bemobilizedthrough the social mediaformobaction onthe need to EndSARS.
Over the years, public relations experts use public relations not only for image-making andbuilding but for conflict or crisis management.The Nigerian Police Force cannot deny that itdoesnothaveapublicrelationsunitwhichoughttoaddresstheissueofpolicebrutalitywithinitself before they become dangerous national issues.The above suggests that the NPF couldnotreallymakeuseofpublicrelationswhichaccordingtoCentreandJackson(2003,p.15)ascited by Ezinwa 2015, p. 10) helps to: “Motivate new behavior, reinforce existing positivebehavior and modifynegativebehavior”

The above could be extended to mean that, had the Nigerian Police Force and its SARS unithad properly used public relations strategies as stated above, the quest to EndSARS and theprotests that went with it, would not have been carried out.The year 2020 was a year markedby great divisionin Nigeria. Notably,politics, ethnicity,economic,religious,herdsmen,banditry, kidnapping, Boko Haram, and EndSARS youths’ protest shortly after COVID-19pandemicoutbreak.Although,theyearhascomeandgone,thecatalogueoftheseproblemsstill remain with us especially the EndSARS mass protest of youths across the federation. Inthe South-East, Nigeria the story is same. The crux of the matter was the non-implementationof the police reform policy and the continued retention of the Special Anti-Robbery Square(SARS) which had given the Nigeria police force a bad name over the years. This call firstsurfaced in 2017 as an activity in Nigeria and other human rights organizations sought toabolishafederal policeunit called SARS(BBC News 2020).

TheSARSunitoftheNigeriaPoliceForce(NPF)hadexistedformorethanthreedecadesandsubsequentlydevelopedareputationfor abusingitspower.TheactivityoftheSARShastodaybecometheemergingglobalizedissues,andhascontinuedtoreceivemassappeal, interestandfollowershipbeyondimaginationofmanyincurablepessimistsandskeptics(Obeta,2007).Ontheotherhand,thepolice publicrelationsunithasnothelpedthematter.Theimagehasoverrunotherrelatedorsisterprofessionalsordisciplinesintermsofappeal andpopularityresultingtoapparentinjectionofbadblood, love,hateand dichotomybetween theforceand thesociety.

Unfortunately, the Amnesty International (a human rights organization) said it has recordedeighty-two (82) cases of SARS abuses over the past three years in Nigeria from 2018 to 2020includingbeatings,hangings,assaults,water-boarding,mockexecutionsandrape.Moredisturbing was the video that surfaced online accusing the police unit and reinvigorating theoutrage of their activities across Nigeria. The footage, according to (Paquette, 2020), showedsomepoliceofficersdraggingtwomenfromahotelandoneofthemshotduringthe climaxofthe youths protest. However, what started as grassroots movement to end police brutality withemphasisonSouthernNigeriabecameaglobalphenomenonenhancedbytheNigerianyouths.The growing pressures coming from all and sundry initially compelled the leadership of theNigerianPoliceForceto announcethedissolutionoftheSpecialAnti-RobberySquad(SARS)andfiredtwoofficersasclaimedinresponsetotheyearningsoftheNigerianpeoplepromotingcheersin the streets of thecities (BBC News, 2020).

1.2      Statementofthe Problem

TheNigerianpoliceovertheyearshasbeencharacterizedbybrutalityandextortionofcitizenswith a deafening silence from both the government and the masses helping them to perpetratetheseevilonthe masses.Thishashowever, ledtodifferent perceptions ofthepoliceimage.
TherearealotofunitsunderthepoliceforcesuchasMobilePolice(MOPOL),Yellow Fever,Special Anti-Robbery Squad, Criminal Investigation Department (CID), etc., but SARS inrecentyearsappearstobethemostnotorious.Thepoliceunitarewellknownfortheirextortionof citizens, brutality and kidnapping. Originally formed to combat crimes in the country bygoing againstcriminals,armedrobbers, they have deviatedtounwarranted harassingofinnocent citizens who have tattoos, dreadlocks, beautiful cars and clothes, big/expensivephones, etc. This got to a stage where Nigerians couldn’t take it anymore and started a protestto disband the police unit. It started as a social media campaign before the youths took to thestreetsin apeaceful way.
Theyouths’EndSARSprotestreopenedthepreviousactivismofthegovernmentannouncement that SARS would be disbanded in 2014 and 2017. Yet, SARS continued to actwithimpunityandotherextra-judicialkillingsacrosssomecitiesintheSouth-South,South-West and South-East. The continued existence of the SARS was against the government’spromise to reform the police force for more than four times and failed. (Olatunji, et al. 2020).This study therefore, gears towards evaluating police public relations in the post EndSARSyouthsprotests in Lagos State, Nigeria.

1.3      Objectivesof the Study

The general objective of the study is to evaluate police public relations in the post EndSARSyouthsprotests in Lagos State, Nigeria. Thespecificobjectives are:

1. To examinedLagos Stateresidents’perceptionoftheinfluenceofthe2020EndSARS protest on the image of the Nigerian Police Force.
2. TofindoutwhetherthereisadecreaseinpolicebrutalitiesasaresultofthepostEndSARSyouths Protests in South–East,Nigeria.
3. Toexaminewhetherthereisadecreaseinbriberyandextra-judicialkillingsbytheNigerianPoliceForceafter theEndSARSProtests in South-East, Nigeria
4. ToascertainwhetherthereiscorrelationbetweenthedisbandmentofSARSanddecreasein Policebrutalityand other anti-socialactivities bythePoliceinNigeria.
5. Toascertain the role of public relation department of Nigeria police asa tool for repositioning the image ofthe Nigerian Police Force using the Lagos State police command as a study.

1.4           Scope of the study
The scope of this project covers assessing howpublic relations is used asa tool for repositioning the image ofthe Nigerian Police Force using the Lagos State police command as a study due to the fact that over theyearstheNigerianpolicehaveexperiencedpublicscornandapathyduetounprofessional conducts, extra judicial killings, lack of commitment amongst others. Itbecomesnecessarythereforetoputinplacemechanismthatwilladdresstheinadequacies in the force particularly as it affects public perception of the institution. This study investigated police public relations in the postEndSARS youths Protests in south-East, Nigeria. The study adopted survey research methodwith a population of 23,887,937 and a sample size of 400 derived from

theSouth-EastgeographicalzoneinNigeria.Datawascollectedthroughtheuseofinterviewsonface-to-facebasisaswellasquestionnaire.
1.5           Significance of the study
This study shall serve as a means of studying and understanding the function of police public relations. It will also serve as a means of understanding the full details of the role Nigerian police force played during ENDSARS protest.

1.6      ResearchQuestions

1. Is there is any decrease in police brutalities as a result of the postEndSARSProtests inLagos State Nigeria?
2. Is there any decrease in bribery and extra-judicial killings by theNigerianPoliceForceafter theEndSARSProtests in Lagos State Nigeria.
3. IsthereanycorrelationbetweenthedisbandmentofSARSanddecreaseinpolicebrutalityand other anti-socialactivities bythe policeinNigeria?
4. what is the role public relation in image building of Nigeria police?

1.7           Definition of terms
Protest: A protest is a public expression of objection, disapproval or dissent towards an idea or action, typically a political one. Protests can be thought of as acts of cooperation in which numerous people cooperate by attending, and share the potential costs and risks of doing so.
EndSARS:EndSARS is a decentralised social movement, and series of mass protests against police brutality in Nigeria.
Police Brutality:Police brutality is the excessive and unwarranted use of force by law enforcement against an individual or a group.
Perception: Perception is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information or environment. All perception involves signals that go through the nervous system, which in turn result from physical or chemical stimulation of the sensory system

CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIONS
Inconclusion,althoughthegovernmenthadvowedtoworkwithhumanrightsgroupsonanewmodel and investigate atrocities of the past, they should implement the new police reformspolicywhich was advocatedfor more than fourtimes nowintheinterest ofpeacein Nigeria.
The government should in addition develop a human rights policy approach on the rights ofthecitizens,and reorientationofpoliceforcethroughregulartrainingandseminars.
Werecommendintensivehumanrightstrainingforalllawenforcementofficersatalllevelsofgovernment,with particularreferenceto thosein thenewlyestablished SWATunit.
Governmentshouldtreatallmattersrelatingtoviolence,torture,andextra-judicialkillingswiththe gravity of the offence, and defaulters subjected to face the wrath like dismissals andimprisonment.
Toinitiatereformsthatwillnotallowdetention withouttrial,andallmattersdulyinvestigatedthroughtransparency.
Thereisurgentneedforregulartrainingandretrainingofthepolicepersonnelofrankandfile,soas to become environmental friendly.

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CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "image building of pr department of nigeria police force before and after the endsars protest and perception of the public" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "image building of pr department of nigeria police force before and after the endsars protest and perception of the public" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

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