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Introduction
-Background
It is often noticed that the primary goal of this ICT is really to maximize the productivity of the employees whowork there, as well as the integrity of the information available to the clinic to attain the intended outcomes. Inclinics,ICTservesasthefoundationforprovidinghigh-qualitycare(Abugabah et al.,2020).University Clinics are well familiar with the advantages of incorporating ICT into their day-to-day operations tosolve various obstacles such as budgetary restrictions, misdiagnoses, inefficiency in patient identification, and soon. RFID and biometric technology offers an economical and dependable alternative to dealing with the aforementioned issues(Kariapper et al., 2020).

RFIDis one of the modern technologies thanks to its distinctive ability to monitor aswell astrack itemsinstantaneously. RFID is a wireless Automatic Identifying and Data Capture (AIDC) technology that employsembeddedsensorstokeepidentificationinformationaswellasotherrelevantinformation(Khalilet al.,2019).The primary goal of any RFID-based patient identification system in clinics is to enable an RFID tag linked to apatienttocarrycertaincarrier-relateddata,suchasidentifyingdata,andthemostimportantpatient'smedicalrecord.However,thesufficiencyofmemoryisalwaysan issuewhichseemstobethecaseformostmemory-basedsystems(Cerlinca et al., 2010), and the function of the biometric is to ensure that the information of the patient is secure and cannot be used for another patient.
Conversely,itiscommonlyacknowledgedthathigh-memoryRFIDtagsareextremelypriceyforuseinauniversityclinic in Nigeria, and the alternative option to lower the costs is to employ low-memory transponders. However, itisevidentthatalimited-memorytranspondercannotkeepalloftherelevantpatientinformation.Theseissuesmightbeovercomebykeepingtheessential informationontheRFIDtagandtheextrainformationinaremoteserver depending on the format of the tag (Raad et al., 2021). One more key element of an RFID-basedpatientidentificationsystemisthecapacitytointerfaceandsharedatawithdiverse medicalsystems.

Despite the availability of online medical record systems, Nigerian University clinics are currently experiencing avarietyofissueswhichincludestheproblemsinrecognizingpatientsinaccidents,orcollapses,amongotherthings(Muhammad et al., 2019). In many circumstances, university clinicians struggle to identify the patient or hismedicalhistory,becausetheymaylacksufficientinformationregardingpriormedications(Aldeer et al., 2021). This results in inefficient use of time when providing treatment.availability of medical information of unconscious/unresponsive patients gives significant adaptability in severalemergency instances, making it easy to deliver the patients' records. This may be accomplished via RFID-basedsystems, where the patient is recognized by radio frequency via a transponder placed in the body of the patient bythe appropriate authority.
Khalil et al (2019) proposed that the RFID technology offers healthcare practitioners various advantages toimprove the safety of the patient, time-saving, and cost reduction. It also causes critical issues for the successfulimplementation of the RFID and biometric based technology. To increase the acceptance and wide use of RFID and biometric in healthcare,more customized RFID systems, fingerprint module, more institutional support, integration with existing HIS, and various regulationstoprotectprivacyareneeded.TheRFID and fingerprint basedsystemcanalsoaidtheclinicaloperationsinNigerianUniversities.Even though the majority of existing systems are still in the experimental stage in clinics in NigerianUniversities, the future seems bright. As a result, this research presented a web-based RFID patient identificationsystem with biometric authentication
-Problem statement
The problem of patient misidentification is too rampant in healthcare presently. It is recognized that patient misidentification errors occur on a daily basis in many hospitals worldwide. Patient misidentification can lead to all sorts of medical errors and increases the risk to the patient’s safety. Hospitals are complex institutions by nature, with the human interactions between the medical staff and the patients being a crucial element in the timely delivery of care to patients. Physicians and nursing staff interact with thousands of patients per year, providing healthcare services to them. In order to successfully provide these services, physicians and nurses must first correctly identify the patient, as part of a repetitive sequential process of serving this client. Because of the larger number of these human interactions with patients, human errors may be introduced in the process . One of those common errors is misidentifying a patient. In other to overcome this problem a web-based RFID patient identification system with biometric authentication was invented. This technology addresses the issues of the conventional way of identifying patients in a healthcare organization.
-Aim and objectives
The main aim of this work is to implement a web-based RFID patient identification system with biometric authentication. The objectives of the study are:

1. Construction of a working prototype to demonstrate the concept and benefits of such system to the hospital. ˆ
2. To replace the conventional way of identifying patients in a healthcare organization
3. Design and implement a handheld patient identification system based on radio frequency identification and fingerprint with the purpose of preventing patient misidentification. ˆ
4. To ensure that medical information of patients are secured and cannot be used mistakenly for another patient.
5. To improve the knowledge of the student involved about ICT application in the healthcare sector.

-Scope of study
The scope of this work shall cover the designing and implementing of an RFID (Radio FrequencyIdentification) technology to address the issues of the conventional way of identifying patients in a healthcareorganization. This study shall involve the use of a web-based application (WBA) that serves as a working interface betweenthe healthcare staff and the system. The WBA shall be written in JavaScript and hosted on Firebase, which registers andholdsthedetailsof allregisteredpatients.Thedevelopedsystem shallidentifyavalidpatientusingtheassignedRFIDtags anddisplaysthebasicinformationofthepatientuponrequesteduseofthehealthcareservice. The biometric (fingerprint) used ensure that the information of the patient is secured even when the RFID tag is lost, so that it cannot be used by another patient without the consent of the legitimate owner.
-Significant of study
This study shall serve as a means of promoting the standard of our health sector by ensuring that the information of patients are always secured. It shall also serve as a means of easing the workload of the staffs of any medical centre where this system is used.
Literature Review
RadioFrequencyIdentificationand biometric isa rapidlygrowingtechnologywiththe potentialofcreatingsubstantialeconomicimpacts on many industries. RFID is outlined as a technology that utilizes small computer chips, otherwise knownasmicrochips,totraceitemslikeconsumercommoditiesatadistance,supportedbyradiofrequency'sfunctionalities(Abugabah et al., 2020; Kariapper et al., 2020). Many studies on existing patient identification systems (RFID-based and Non-RFID-based) need to be considered to know the system requirements for designing an RFID-basedpatientidentification system.

To tackle patient misidentification in medical industries, Aldeer et al., (2021) developed a Patient IdentificationSystem utilizing RFID.This was achieved by developing a hand-held wireless RFIDdevice interconnectedwirelessly via LAN with an operating system and an interface that facilitates scanning, patient identification, andaccess to patients' medical records. The use of wireless networks, combined with the use of clinical knowledgesystems, adequate training of medical personnel, IT and network support, and the employment of wireless hand-helddevices,might offertheabilitytoreinforcethequalityoftendingdeliveryhospitals.Themajorlimitationhereistheleveloftechnicalknowledgerequired torunthesystem;therewouldalwaysneedtobeaqualifiedtechnicianatthe close call, in case of anyissues inthe system’s operation.

AutomaticaccessmanagementforstudentIDcard-supportedRFIDtechnology(Geoffrey,2012)hasevolvedfrompreventing illegal folks from entering abuilding and preventing unauthorized folks from accessing specificorganization resources. The access management system functions in real-time. That is, the door opens as soon asthe user scans the tag. The system conjointly stores the login and logout data of the user. While this technology isveryeffectiveinintrusionprevention,anyonetryingtobreakpastthesystemcouldsimplyobtainanauthenticRFIDtag(byanymeans)and duplicate it, therebygainingits ID.
An RFID and SMS notification-based system designed by Mojares, Litan, &Mojares, (2018) called iNotified,permitsparentstomonitortheirchildren'spresenceataparticulartime.Wheneveranystudent'sIDcardisscannedatthegate,an SMSnotificationtothestudentissenttotheirparents.However,thismethodhasalimitation:itdoesnot indicate or show any acknowledgement between the sender and the receiver. One major importance of usingRFID technology in library management is that it saves the library staff time and energy by automating their tasks(Nisha, 2018).

An automatic access system was developed through exploration by Beaver, (2016) using students' ID cardssupported byRFIDtechnology.Thesystempreventsunauthorized accesstobuildingsandspecific collegeresources. The system was designed to function in real-time, such that a user was required to scan his tag beforebeinggrantedaccess,eveniftheyareclearedforentryintothatspecificbuilding.Thesystem,inturn,storedtheIDofthetagonalogso thatitcouldbereviewedanytimerequired.TheonlyvulnerabilityinthissystemistheexposuretocloningofRFID tagsbyunauthorizedusersasthereisnovisualauthenticationinidentifyingaregistereduserofthe system. As such, a successfully cloned card (now having a registered ID) could be used to beat the securitysystem.
Such similarity to Beaver, (2016), an identification card for staff and students integrated with RFIDAdeniran,(2015)alsosharessimilarconstraintsandissues.Anyonewithsucha cardcanquicklygainentryintohigherlevelsoftheorganizationorusethesystemasanimposterwithnovisualoramoresolidauthentication (suchasbiometricsor facial recognition, for example) to verify if it is the actual owner of the card that intends to gain entry, validatethesystemoranimposterthendecideifitisa validuserornot,insuchcase,eithergrant,denyaccessormakeuseofthe system.

Lookingatalltheworkstakenintheaforementionedreviews,theirvariousstrengthsandweaknesseswereanalyzed,rangingfromtheir scopetotheirmeansofoperation.ItisclearfromtheliteraturethatworksonPatientidentification(PI) using conventional methods or techniques have been ditched for RFID. This is because an

RFID-basedidentificationsystemisanefficientandeconomicaltoolcomparedtotheconventionalpatientidentificationsystemused inuniversityclinics.
Methodology
The research work is started with problem identification, which is followed by defining the objectives, significance and scope/limitation of the study shall be discussed.
The research has then proceeded by introducing the study in full and related literatures were shall be reviewed using magazines, books, journals, internet etc. In parallel with literature review, an in-depth desk study shall be conducted with respect to the subject matter
The chapter three shall discuss the method that can be used in design and implementation. Chapter four shall analyze the result generated with respect to the study method used.
Finally, conclusion and recommendation shall be drafted base on the proposed study.
Project time chart/schedule

	April	May	June	July
Proposal
Project write-up
Project presentation
Project defense

Conclusion
Comparedtothecurrentlyexistingoperationalinfrastructure,thisRFIDIdentification and biometric systemcanhelperadicateor reduce the Clinic's slow operational system. It features two-way verification such as by tag IDand fingerprint of a particular patient trying to access the clinic's services. Thus, the project's main objective isto ease the means of identifying each patient in the clinic and thus fasten the process of getting medical attention.It is effortless to use and cost-effective. With this system put in place, there cannot be an imposter trying to claimtheidentityofavalidbeneficiaryoftheclinicservice,asthereisbiometric verificationinplacetobeusedasacomparison.
Reference
Abugabah,A.,Nizamuddin,N.,&Abuqabbeh,A.(2020).AreviewofchallengesandbarriersimplementingRFIDtechnologyinthe Healthcaresector.ProcediaComputerScience,170,1003–1010.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.03.094
Adeniran,T.C.(2015).DeploymentofRFIDBasedCardforUniversityStaffandStudentsanditsSignificanceonPrivacy.
Adeniran, T., Sanni, Y., Faruk, N., &Olawoyin, L. A. (2019).Design and implementation of an automatedattendance monitoringsystemfor a Nigerian universityusingRFID.
Aldeer, M., Howard, R. E., Martin, R. P., & Ortiz, J. (2021).Unobtrusive patient identification using smart pill-bottlesystems.InternetofThings(Netherlands),14,100389.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2021.100389
Beaver,M.(2016).TheimplicationsofRFIDtechnologyinuniversityidcards.MissouriS\&T’sPeertoPeer,1(1),3.
Cerlinca, T., Prodan, R., Turcu, C. C., &Cerlinca, M. (2010). A distributed RFID based system for patients’identificationandmonitoring.InInternationalConferenceonDevelopmentandApplicationSystems(pp.
444–448).
Faruk, N., Abdulkarim, A., Emmanuel, I., Folawiyo, Y. Y., Adewole, K. S., Mojeed, H. A., … others. (2021). Acomprehensivesurveyonlow-costECGacquisitionsystems:Advancesondesignspecifications,challengesandfuturedirection.BiocyberneticsandBiomedical Engineering,41(2),474–502.
GarcíaBetances, R. I., & Huerta, M. K. (2012).A Review of Automatic Patient Identification Options for PublicHealth Care Centers with Restricted Budgets. Online Journal of Public Health Informatics, 4(1), 1–16.https://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v4i1.4011
Geoffrey, C. E. (2012). Automatic Access Control System using Student’s Identification Card based on RFIDTechnology.UnpublishedThesisFacultyofElectricalEngineering,UniversityofTeknologiMalaysia.
Kariapper, R. K. A. R., SuhailRazeeth, M. S., Pirapuraj, P., &Nafrees, A. C. M. (2020). RFID based SmartHealthcareSystem :ASurveyAnalysis.TestEngineering&Management,83(July-August),4615–4621.
Khalil, E. G. A., & Osman, A. S. A. (2019). A novel method for patient identification in emergency cases usingRFID based Radio technology. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,10(12), 468–471. https://doi.org/10.14569/ijacsa.2019.0101263
Mahmood,N.,Shah,A.,Waqas,A.,Bhatti,Z.,Abubakar,A.,&Malik,H.A.M.(2014).RFIDbasedsmarthospitalmanagement system: A conceptual framework. In The 5th International Conference on Information andCommunication Technology for The Muslim World (ICT4M)(pp. 1–6).
Mojares,P.W.,Litan,G.A.T.,&Mojares,J.G.(2018).iNotified:AnSMSandFRID-BasedNotificationSystemof Lipa City Colleges, Lipa City, Batangas Philippines. In International Conference on Computing, E-Learning and Emerging Technology \& International Conference on Advances in Computer, ElectricalandElectronicEngineering,Sidney,Australia,nd.https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss(Vol.12621274).
Muhammad, J., &Garba, S. (2019). Web-based Clinic Management System ( CMS ). International Journal ofScience and Engineering Applications,8(05), 131–135.
Nisha,F.(2018).ImplementationofRFIDTechnologyatDefenceScienceLibrary,DESIDOC:ACaseStudy.
DESIDOCJournalofLibrary\&InformationTechnology,38(1).
Raad, M. W., Deriche, M., &Kanoun, O. (2021).An RFID-Based Monitoring and Localization System forDementia Patients.18th IEEE International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices, SSD2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/SSD52085.2021.9429375
Villupuram,V.(2015).HybridofStudentAttendanceTrackingSystemUsingRFIDDeviceandFingerprintSensor.
Intl.J.Comput.Sci.Mob.Comput,4,271–273.
Wibowo,F.W.,&Habib,M.(2017).Alow-costentrydoorusingdatabasebasedonRFIDandmicrocontroller.
ARPN JournalofEngineeringandAppliedSciences,12(17),5073–5077.
Yadav,S.,&Jha,P.(2019).RFIDtechnology:Anoverview.InternationalJournalofTrendinScientificResearchand Development, 3(3), 1242–1245.

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CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of ''implementation of a web-based rfid patient identification system with biometric authentication'' is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of ''implementation of a web-based rfid patient identification system with biometric authentication'' consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on ''implementation of a web-based rfid patient identification system with biometric authentication'' was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of ''implementation of a web-based rfid patient identification system with biometric authentication'' is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of ''implementation of a web-based rfid patient identification system with biometric authentication'' detector consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of ''implementation of a web-based rfid patient identification system with biometric authentication'' is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of ''implementation of a web-based rfid patient identification system with biometric authentication'' detector consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of ''implementation of a web-based rfid patient identification system with biometric authentication'' is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of ''implementation of a web-based rfid patient identification system with biometric authentication'' detector consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

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