INTELLIGENCE MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON PEACE BUILDING IN JOS SOUTH LGA OF PLATEAU STATE NIGERIA
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Violent conflicts among diverse ethno-religious communities in Plateau State and other partsof Nigeria, leading to the wanton destruction of lives, livelihoods and property, have becomethe dark underbelly of our socio-political landscape. What is most worrisome is the impunitywith which such criminal acts are committed with no recourse to the due process of the law and subsequent justice for victims and survivors of violence. There is a deep sense of frustration in the polity about the high-level of government rhetoric without action and thewindow-dressing pageantry of investigation without implementation of the recommendationsof numerous panels of inquiry and commissions set up in the wake of gruesome acts of mobviolence. If our fledgling democracy is to survive, and indeed thrive, there is need to for all concernedpolicy makers, implementers and civil society stakeholders to gain a solid grasp on relevantdata detailing past and present crisis situations in order to map out and execute viable conflictmanagement and peace building strategies.
Promoting Durable Peace in Plateau State, is astep in this direction. This study employed a qualitative technique using a sample size of thirty (30) selected by the simple random sampling technique. The use of charts, tables and frequencies were done to explain certain trends in the study.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- RESEARCH QUESTION
- PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- SCOPE OF THE STUDY
- DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
2.2 GOVERNMENTANDCIVILSOCIETYEFFORTSINPROMOTINGPEACEINPLATEAUSTATE
2.3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CONSTITUTIONAL ROLE OF NSCDC
2.4 NSCDC AND INTERNAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT
2.5 REVIEW OF OTHER SECURITY AGENCIES
2.6 PUBLICSENTIMENTPARADIGM
2.7 THE PERFORMANCE OF THE CIVILDEFENCE CORPS INSECURITY ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA
2.8 CHALLENGES OF NSCDC IN INTERNAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT
2.9 RESEARCHGAPSINTHELITERATURE
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 STUDY AREA
3.2 METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.3 SAMPLING AND POPULATION OF THE STUDY
3.4 DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT
3.5METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
3.6 RELIABILITY ANDVALIDITY
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSIONS
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
5.3 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Intelligence simply refers the collection of information of security or political value. It is common knowledge that nations require intelligence about their immediate environment and that of other nations. This is necessary because, in order to guarantee their security, they need to keep track of internal and external threats (Lowenthal, 2010). Consequently, nations require certain instruments to contain these threats. These are a strong military supported by an intelligence apparatus. Also, nations adopt strategies and policies such as defence and security policies to enable them to respond appropriately and safeguard them from both external and internal threats (Enahoro, 2010). Intelligence, as a critical tool of statecraft, provides the necessary warning about imminent threats policy makers in order to protect a nation from being subjected to surprise military attacks. Intelligence as a security strategy is able to avert imminent threats to a country by providing timely, processed information to national security decision makers. This is achieved through the acquisition of covert information by covert means on the actions, policies and capabilities of other nations. The information, which is of utmost importance to national security, is collected, analyzed and disseminated for use to support action. Thus, the role of intelligence is to support action that may be deemed necessary in the furtherance of national interests (Lowenthal, 2007). Intelligence is a critical element in the success of all human ndeavor, be it in business, governance or military operations. In the context of military operations, intelligence is vital for guiding operations. If the intelligence is right; chances are that the operation will be successful. The significance of this assertion was illustrated in the operations Desert shield and Desert storm in the Persian Gulf War of 1991. Adequate intelligence was provided to the US military during these operations. The operations were successful due to the accuracy of the indepth intelligence on enemy vulnerabilities, capabilities and intentions. Security operations are the procedures and actions taken by security agencies to protect lives and properties in order to ensure there is no state of insecurity within a society. The conduct of security operations in Nigeria is shaped by the peculiarity of the security environment; thus, security operation could be proactive or reactive. When it is proactive, it involves essentially the use of intelligence to avert any threat to national security. These threats could be in the form of sabotage, subversion, terrorism and all other destructive actions that could undermine national security. Reactive security operations involve the use of security apparatuses to contain conflicts that are already on ground. When that happens, states involve security operations that are reactive in nature and the use of military force is employed in conjunction with national intelligence assets to contain threats (Jackson et al, 2004).
In Nigeria, these internal threats manifest mostly in the form of communal conflicts, both inter and intra, ethnic, religious as well as finding expression in militant activities. Typical examples of a security operation in plateau state is the operation safe haven. The mandate of these security operations was to reverse the state of insecurity in the affected areas. Nigeria has had to grapple over the years with the challenge of inadequate intelligence sharing amongst its security and law enforcement agencies. The non effectiveness of the intelligence in support of security operations in Nigeria are attributed to inadequate human and technical intelligence capabilities.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Conflicts driven by identity politics are now the common feature of communal violence andarmedstrugglesaroundtheworld,particularlybutnotexclusivelyinAfrica(HaggandKagwanja,2017).Paradoxically,increasedconflictisoftenaby-productofthedemocratisation process, most especially in developing countries where there are numerouspeopleandinterestscompetingforscarceresources(Shipley,2014).Accordingly,Nigeriahas witnessed an eruption of identity-based violent conflicts, notably around the twin axis ofethnicityandreligion,sinceitsreturntodemocraticgovernancein1999.
The perennial violence in Plateau State constitutes a serious threat to peace, not only inNorthern Nigeria but also to the rest of the country owing to the deep sensibilities attached toethno-religious identity and affiliation. The propensity for the conflict to escalate and spillover from and to other northern states over the years led the federal government to beef upsecurity personnel in several neighbouring states. This attests to the gravity of the threat that ethno-religious conflicts inn orthern Nigeria ,and Plate auState inparticular, poseto democraticstabilityandnationalsecurity.TherecurrentviolentincidentshaveattractedseriousglobalconcernastheyconstituteathreattoNigeria’snascentdemocracyandcontinued existence as a nation
Since2001,thespate of ethno-religious violence in Plateau State has increased in frequency and intensity in which the peace of the place needs to be restored by the government of Nigeria.
To conduct intelligence activities, the Federal Government has a variety of agencies such as the Department of State Service (DSS) also known as the state security service (SSS), the Defence Intelligence Agency (DIA) and the National Intelligence Agency (NIA). These security agencies have over time developed capacities to produce timely and accurate intelligence to confront cases that threaten national unity and security. Regrettably, the proper management and accurate designation of tasks for these intelligence agencies to support national security objectives has been a major problem. In the same vein, the views of operatives that intelligence management in Nigeria appears to be with lack of analytical skills, and questionable real time intelligence which negates the value of intelligence product in security operations. These contending issues have therefore thrown up renewed interest in the analysis of intelligence management and support to security operations in Nigeria in recent years.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- Is there a relationship between intelligence management and peace buiding in Jos South LGA?
- What is the relationship between intelligence management and peace buiding in Jos South LGA?
- How can intelligence management and peace building be improved in Jos South LGA?
- How can the peace of Jos south LGA be restored through intelligence management
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
- To find out whether there is a relationship between intelligence management and peace building in Jos south LGA.
- To identify the nature of the relationship between intelligence management and security management in Jos south LGA.
- To find ways through which intelligence and security can be improved upon in Jos south LGA.
- To determine how Intelligence management affect peace building in Jos south LGA.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study would be of immense importance to government at all levels, security agencies and all related stakeholders as it would highlight the role of intelligence on peace building in Jos South LGA with a view to providing improved security to lives and properties which is a major responsibility of government in Jos South LGA of plateau state. The study would also benefit students, researchers and scholars who are interested in developing further studies on the subject matter by being a source of related and recent literature.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is on intelligence management and its impact on peace building using Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC).
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
IMPACT: is to have a strong effect on someone or something. That is, the strong effect of intelligence management on peace building.
Intelligence Management: is the process of managing and organizing the analytical processing of raw intelligence information.
Peace building is an activity that aims to resolve injustice in nonviolent ways and to transform the cultural and structural conditions that generate deadly or destructive conflict.
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