USER'S INSTRUCTIONS: The project work you are about to view is on "microorganisms associated with the spoilage of watermelon and pawpaw in bwari area council". Please, sit back and study the below research material carefully. This project topic (microorganisms associated with the spoilage of watermelon and pawpaw in bwari area council) have complete 5(five) Chapters. The complete Project Material/writeup include: Abstract + Introduction + etc + Literature Review + methodology + etc + Conclusion + Recommendation + References/Bibliography.Our aim of providing this "microorganisms associated with the spoilage of watermelon and pawpaw in bwari area council" project research material is to reduce the stress of moving from one school library to another all in the name of searching for "microorganisms associated with the spoilage of watermelon and pawpaw in bwari area council" research materials. We are not encouraging any form of plagiarism. This service is legal because, all institutions permit their students to read previous projects, books, articles or papers while developing their own works.
TITLE PAGE
MICROORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SPOILAGE OF WATERMELON AND PAWPAW IN BWARI AREA COUNCIL
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "microorganisms associated with the spoilage of watermelon and pawpaw in bwari area council" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This work "microorganisms associated with the spoilage of watermelon and pawpaw in bwari area council" research material is a complete and well researched project material strictly for academic purposes, which has been approved by different Lecturers from different higher institutions. We made Preliminary pages, Abstract and Chapter one of "microorganisms associated with the spoilage of watermelon and pawpaw in bwari area council" visible for everyone, then the complete material on "microorganisms associated with the spoilage of watermelon and pawpaw in bwari area council" is to be ordered for. Happy viewing!!!
Annual reports have shown that 20% of fruits and vegetables produced are lost to spoilage. This study was undertaken to isolate and identify fungi that are associated with spoilt fruits commonly sold in Bwari market, Abuja, and recommend appropriate control measure. The study was conducted in Bwari metropolis, Bwari Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria. A total of 100 spoilt fruits which include pawpaw (Carica papaya) and watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) were purchased and examined for the presence of fungal organisms using standard methods. The data collected were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics (frequency and mean) and analysis of variance.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- AIM OF THE STUDY
- OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
- LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
- RESEARCH QUESTION
- DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF WATERMELON AND PAWPAW
- OVERVIEW OF MICROORGANISM
- CLASSIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- INTRODUCTION
- ETHICAL APPROVAL
- STUDY AREA
- RESEACH DESIGN
- SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
- MICROBIAL COUNTS
- IDENTIFICATION OF MICROBES
- STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION AND FUTURE WORK
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Fruits are the comestible part of mature ovary of flowering plants which are normally eaten raw according to Ikhiwili O.M [2012]. Fruit also includes many structures that are not commonly called fruits such as bean pods, corn kernels, tomatoes, and wheat grains according to Ikhiwili O.M [2012]. The importance of fruit in human nutrition cannot be overestimated as it provides essential growth factors such as vitamins and minerals necessary for proper body metabolism according to Al-Hindi R.R [2011]. Humans and many animals have become dependent on fruits as a source of food [Lewis R.A, 2002].
However, fruits are easily spoilt and usually have active metabolism during the storage stage [Singh D, 2011]. The high concentration of various sugars, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and low pH also enhances the successful growth and survival of various parasitic and saprophytic forms of fungi [Droby S, 2006]. Annual reports have shown that 20% of fruits and vegetables produced are lost to spoilage [Barth M, 2009], especially during post-harvest stages [Singh D and Sharma R.R, 2007]. This has been associated with spoilage fungi which can be toxigenic or pathogenic [Zhu S.J, 2006]. Toxin-producing fungi have been identified and isolated from spoilt fruits by previous researchers [Al-Hindi R.R, 2011]. Pathogenic fungi have been reported in cases of infections or allergies [Monso E.M, 2004]. Aspergillus spp. produces mycotoxins and other toxic metabolites which can be harmful to humans and animals globally [Petzinger E, 2002].
Micro-organisms, especially fungi, are known to destroy fruits, thereby reducing the quantity for consumption and the profits obtained from sales of fruits. There is need to identify these micro-organisms especially those that are pathogenic to humans so as to reduce the risk of contamination and infection arising from handling and consumption of fruits. Therefore, this study was undertaken to isolate and identify fungi associated with spoilt fruits commonly sold in Bwari market, Abuja, and recommend appropriate control measure.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Recent studies have shown that there is an increase in spoilage of fruits such as water melon and pawpaw, and this spoilage is majorly cause by microorganism associated with these fruits. The presents of this microorganism can cause sickness to consumers when these fruits are consumed and at the same time cause economic breakdown to the vendor. This study was carried out to identify these micro-organisms especially those that are pathogenic to humans so as to reduce the risk of contamination and infection arising from handling and consumption of fruits.
1.3 AIM OF THE STUDY
This study aimed at isolating, identifying and counting bacterial and fungal contaminants on watermelon and pawpaw sold in Bwari market1.4 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of the present study was to carry out the test of micro-organism associated with watermelon and pawpaw sold in Bwari market in Bwari area council, abuja.1.5 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
At the end of this work student involved shall be able to:- Identify microorganisms associated with spoil.
- Understand the meaning of microorganisms
- The effect of microorgainism on human health
- How micro- organism can be contacted from watermelon and pawpaw.
1.6 HYPOTHESIS
HO: Microbial organisms are identified in spoiled watermelon and pawpaw.
Hg = Microorganisms are not identified in spoiled watermelon and pawpaw
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will be useful to consumers that buy watermelon and pawpaw from Bwari market. The outcome of this research will guide users of the material and consumer of meat on how to avoid contacting micro-organism mostly in public places such as Bwari market.
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
There are many or different type of microorganism that can be found in many spoiled fruits but this particular work focuses mainly on the watermelon and pawpaw.
1.9 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
At the end of this work, student involved shall be able to give answers to the following questions:
- What are the 4 types of microorganisms?
- What is microorganism?
- What bacteria are found in spoiled watermelon and pawpaw?
- What microorganisms are responsible for watermelon and pawpaw spoilage?
- What type of bacteria is commonly found spoil fruits?
- What bacterium causes watermelon and pawpaw to spoil?
1.10 DEFINITION OF TERMS
i. Microorganism or microbe: is an organism that is so small that it is microscopic (invisible to the naked eye).
ii. Microbiological contamination: refers to the non-intended or accidental introduction of microbes such as bacteria, yeast, mould, fungi, virus, prions, protozoa or their toxins and by-products.
iii. Algae: A single-celled or multicellular eukaryotic, photosynthetic organism.
iv. Flagellum: A long thin appendage present on the surface of some cells such as bacteria and protoctista which enables them to move
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "microorganisms associated with the spoilage of watermelon and pawpaw in bwari area council" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "microorganisms associated with the spoilage of watermelon and pawpaw in bwari area council" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "microorganisms associated with the spoilage of watermelon and pawpaw in bwari area council" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "microorganisms associated with the spoilage of watermelon and pawpaw in bwari area council" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "microorganisms associated with the spoilage of watermelon and pawpaw in bwari area council" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "microorganisms associated with the spoilage of watermelon and pawpaw in bwari area council" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "microorganisms associated with the spoilage of watermelon and pawpaw in bwari area council" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a "microorganisms associated with the spoilage of watermelon and pawpaw in bwari area council" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "microorganisms associated with the spoilage of watermelon and pawpaw in bwari area council" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
To "DOWNLOAD" the complete material on this particular topic above click "HERE"
Do you want our Bank Accounts? please click HERE
To view other related topics click HERE
To "SUMMIT" new topic(s), develop a new topic OR you did not see your topic on our site but want to confirm the availiability of your topic click HERE
Do you want us to research your new topic? if yes, click "HERE"
Do you have any question concerning our post/services? click HERE for answers to your questions
For more information contact us through any of the following means:
Mobile No: +2348146561114 or +2347015391124 [Mr. Innocent]
Email address: engr4project@gmail.com
Watsapp No: +2348146561114
COUNTRIES THAT FOUND OUR SERVICES USEFUL
Australia, Botswana, Canada, Europe, Ghana, Ireland, India, Kenya, Liberia, Malaysia, Namibia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Uganda, United States, United Kindom, Zambia, Zimbabwe, etc
Support: +234 8146561114 or +2347015391124
Watsapp No: +2348146561114
Email Address: engr4project@gmail.com