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TITLE PAGE

OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL STAR AND DELTA STARTER FOR THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

BY

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EE/H2007/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
INSTITUTE OF ---

DECEMBER,2018

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work,"overview of industrial star and delta starter for three phase induction motor" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on Electrical and Electronics Engineering has been approved.

By
Engr. ---                                                     Engr. ---
Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

……………………………….
 Engr. ---
External Invigilator

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

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This work is on star and delta starter for electric motor, which is the reduced voltage starting method on motor. Voltage reduction during star-delta starting is achieved by physically reconfiguring the motor windings. During starting the motor windings are connected in star configuration and this reduces the voltage across each winding. This also reduces the torque by a factor of three. After a period of time the winding are reconfigured as delta and the motor runs. Star/Delta motor are probably the most common reduced voltage of the motor. They are used in an attempt to reduce the start current applied to the motor during start as a means of reducing the disturbances and interference on the electrical supply. Traditionally in many supply regions, there has been a requirement to fit a reduced voltage starter on all motors greater than 5HP (4KW). The Star/Delta (or Wye/Delta) starter is one of the lowest cost electromechanical reduced voltage starters that can be applied.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• FEATURES OF STAR-DELTA MOTOR
• APPLICATION OF STAR-DELTA MOTOR
• COMPONENTS OF STAR-DELTA MOTOR

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

• OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
• DESCRIPTION OF AN AC INDUCTION MOTOR
• REVIEW OF OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF AN AC INDUCTION MOTOR
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AN AC INDUCTION MOTOR
• DIFFERENT TYPES OF AC MOTORS

CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY

• STAR DELTA STARTER THEORY
• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• CIRCUIT OPERATION

CHAPTER FOUR

•   CALCULATE SIZE OF CONTACTOR, FUSE, C.B, O/L  OF STAR/DELTA STARTER
• CALCULATION OF MOTOR TORQUE AND CURRENT
• SIZE OF FUSE
• SIZE OF CIRCUIT BREAKER
• THERMAL OVER LOAD RELAY

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

 

CHAPTER ONE
1.1                                                        INTRODUCTION
A A motor controller is a device or group of devices that serves to govern in some predetermined manner the performance of an electric motor. A motor controller might include a manual or automatic means for starting and stopping the motor, selecting forward or reverse rotation, selecting and regulating the speed, regulating or limiting the torque, and protecting against overloads and faults.
A small motor can be started by simply plugging it into an electrical receptacle or by using a switch or circuit breaker. A larger motor requires a specialized switching unit called a motor starter or motor contactor. When energized, a direct on line (DOL) starter immediately connects the motor terminals directly to the power supply. Reduced-voltage, star-delta or soft starters connect the motor to the power supply through a voltage reduction device and increases the applied voltage gradually or in steps. In smaller sizes a motor starter is a manually operated switch; larger motors, or those requiring remote or automatic control, use magnetic contactors. Very large motors running on medium voltage power supplies (thousands of volts) may use power circuit breakers as switching elements.

1.2                                       AIM /OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
Motor Starter controller is switch specially designed for starting motors. These switches are designed to withstand the larger loads required by motors. The aim of this work is to construct an electrical device the can be use to start and control the direction of an ac motor.

1.3      SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The Star Delta starting method is a motor starting mechanism that minimizes the large amount of starting current that motors draw in. The Star Delta, as the name suggests basically involves feeding the motor with 1/sq.root3 (58%) of the full load current until it attains speed then applying the full load current. This method is commonly referred to as "Soft Starting" the motor, For this to work the whole set-up requires 3 contactor i.e The Star Contactor, The Delta Contactor and The Main Contactor. However for the motor to be started in Star Delta, its internal connection at the terminal box has to be wired in Delta-giving it capability of receiving the full-load current at any instant. Traditionally, in many regions there was a requirement that all motor connections be fitted with a reduced voltage starter for motors greater than 4KW 5HP.This was to curb the high inrush of starting currents associated with starting induction motors.
1.4                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

• The operation of the star-delta method is simple and rugged
• It is relatively cheap compared to other reduced voltage methods.
• Good Torque/Current Performance.
• It draws 2 times starting current of the full load ampere of the motor connected

1.5                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

• Low Starting Torque (Torque = (Square of Voltage) is also reduce).
• Break In Supply – Possible Transients
• Six Terminal Motor Required (Delta Connected).
• It requires 2 set of cables from starter to motor.
• It provides only 33% starting torque and if the load connected to the subject motor requires higher starting torque at the time of starting than very heavy transients and stresses are produced while changing from star to delta connections, and because of these transients and stresses many electrical and mechanical break-down occurs.
• In this method of starting initially motor is connected in star and then after change over the motor is connected in delta. The delta of motor is formed in starter and not on motor terminals.
• High transmission and current peaks: When starting up pumps and fans for example, the load torque is low at the beginning of the start and increases with the square of the speed. When reaching approx. 80-85 % of the motor rated speed the load torque is equal to the motor torque and the acceleration ceases. To reach the rated speed, a switch over to delta position is necessary, and this will very often result in high transmission and current peaks. In some cases the current peak can reach a value that is even bigger than for a D.O.L start.
• Applications with a load torque higher than 50 % of the motor rated torque will not be able to start using the start-delta starter.
• Low Starting Torque: The star-delta (wye-delta) starting method controls whether the lead connections from the motor are configured in a star or delta electrical connection. The initial connection should be in the star pattern that results in a reduction of the line voltage by a factor of 1/√3 (57.7%) to the motor and the current is reduced to 1/3 of the current at full voltage, but the starting torque is also reduced 1/3 to 1/5 of the DOL starting torque.
• The transition from star to delta transition usually occurs once nominal speed is reached, but is sometimes performed as low as 50% of nominal speed which make transient Sparks.

1.6                                      FEATURES OF STAR-DELTA MOTOR
For low- to high-power three-phase motors.

• Reduced starting current
• Six connection cables
• Reduced starting torque
• Current peak on changeover from star to delta
• Mechanical load on changeover from star to delta

1.7                                  APPLICATION OF STAR-DELTA MOTOR
The star-delta method is usually only applied to low to medium voltage and light starting Torque motors.

The received starting current is about 30 % of the starting current during direct on line start and the starting torque is reduced to about 25 % of the torque. This starting method only works when the application is light loaded during the start.
If the motor is too heavily loaded, there will not be enough torque to accelerate the motor up to speed before switching over to the delta position.

1.8                                 COMPONENTS OF STAR-DELTA MOTOR
Star-delta motor Consists following units

• Contactors (Main, star and delta contactors) 3 No’s (For Open State Starter) or 4 No’s (Close Transient Starter).
• Time relay (pull-in delayed) 1 No.
• Three-pole thermal over-current release
• Fuse elements or automatic cut-outs for the main circuit
• Fuse element or automatic cut-out for the control circuit

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CHAPTER TWO: The complete chapter two of"overview of industrial star and delta starter for three phase induction motor"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of"overview of industrial star and delta starter for three phase induction motor"consist of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on"overview of industrial star and delta starter for three phase induction motor"was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of"overview of industrial star and delta starter for three phase induction motor"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of"overview of industrial star and delta starter for three phase induction motor"consist of the methodology"overview of industrial star and delta starter for three phase induction motor". In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of"overview of industrial star and delta starter for three phase induction motor"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of " an overview of industrial star and delta starter for three phase induction motor" consist of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of " an overview of industrial star and delta starter for three phase induction motor"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of a "overview of industrial star and delta starter for three phase induction motor" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references of "a overview of industrial star and delta starter for three phase induction motor".

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