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TITLE PAGE
PRINCIPLE OF TRACKING SENSOR
BY
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--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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The Global Positioning System (GPS) is known as a monitoring sensor that uses satellites orbiting in space to help users on the ground to precisely determine their location almost anywhere in the world. GPS was originally launched in the 1970's and primarily intended for use as a military navigation system. In the decades since it was first introduced, both the accuracy and availability of GPS has greatly improved, and the system is now used widely by civilians. Today, the use of GPS has become a part of our everyday life. GPS systems are included in smart phones, automobile navigation systems, and many other consumer devices. The aim of this work is to understand how GPS operates.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- AIM OF THE PROJECT
- ADVANTAGES OF GPS
- DISADVANTAGES OF GPS
- PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
- BENEFIT OF TRACKING SYSTEM
- RESEARCH QUESTION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
- HOW GPS DETERMINES A POSITION
- GPS ARCHITECTURE
- TYPES OF GPS
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- BASICS OF GPS TRACKING SYSTEM
- GPS WORKING PRINCIPLE
- GPS RECEIVER POSITION AND TIME CALCULATION
- GPS MODULE
- GPS RECEIVER
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 GPS MODULE CHECK
- GPS BATTERY AND EEPROM
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Tracking sensor is known as a GPS tracking unit which is described as a navigation device normally on a vehicle, asset, person or animal that uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) to determine its movement and determine its geographic position (geotracking) to determine its location.
Locations are stored in the tracking unit or transmitted to an Internet-connected device using the cellular network (GSM/GPRS/CDMA/LTE or SMS), radio, or satellite modem embedded in the unit or WiFim work worldwide.
Various companies buy position and track data for marketing. Also used for military and criminal, to shut down and pick up repossession/thefts and find truck loads. Tracks can be map displayed in real time, with GPS tracking software. smartphones with GPS capability (Tovia Smith (2006)
GPS antenna size limits tracker size, ofter smaller than a half-dollar. In 2020 tracking is a $2 billion business plus military-in the gulf war 10% or more targets used trackers. Virtually every cellphone tracks its movements and per most cell user agreements uploads the track data, creating trillions of sellable locations and tracks, value varies from fractions of a mil to dollars per point and user association (Tovia Smith, 2006).
1.2 AIM OF THE STUDY
A tracking system, also known as a locating system, is used for the observing of persons or objects on the move and supplying a timely ordered sequence of location data for further processing. The main aim of this study is to carry out a research on principle of tracking system.
1.3 ADVANTAGES OF GPS
Following are the advantages of GPS:
- The GPS signal is available anywhere on the globe. Hence user will not deprive of GPS facility anywhere.
- There is no charge to utilize the GPS service. It is cheaper compare to other navigational systems.
- The GPS system gets calibrated by its own and hence it is easy to be used by anyone.
- It provides user with location based information. This will be helpful in various applications such as mapping (used in cars), location (geocaching), performance analysis (used in sports), GIS etc. Example: Google Earth Application.
- GPS helps find retail outlets in new visitor location.
1.4 DISADVANTAGES OF GPS
Following are the disadvantages of GPS:
- GPS chip is power hungry which drains battery in 8 to 12 hours. This requires either battery replacement or recharge.
- GPS signal does not pierce through the solid walls or structures. Moreover it is affected by large buildings or structures. Due to this, user will not be able to utilize GPS service in indoors or under water or in dense tree regions or in underground stores or places etc.
- GPS accuracy depends on sufficient received signal quality. GPS signal gets affected due to multipath, atmosphere (i.e. ionosphere), electromagnetic interference etc. This leads to error of about 5 to 10 meters in GPS signal
- Though currently system is managed by US DoD and users are utilizing the system free of cost, it is in the hand of US to allow or deny the GPS service at anytime
- It is better not to rely completely on GPS system. Backup travel maps with directions will help in the event of GPS system failure.
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of a tracking system is to determine the location or direction of a target on a near-continuous basis. An ideal tracking system would maintain contact and constantly update the target's bearing (azimuth), range and elevation.
1.5 BENEFIT OF TRACKING SYSTEM
The benefits of GPS tracking are invaluable to any fleet owner. By implementing a fleet tracking system, managers get an unprecedented level of access and control to their entire fleet. And being able to track every vehicle is just the beginning of all the benefits you can expect when you use a GPS tracking system.
1) Improve Safety
Not only will drivers be more responsible because they are aware of the GPS monitoring, but fleet managers will know exactly where a vehicle is if it requires any assistance. Whether it’s a broken down engine or any emergency situation, fleet managers can send roadside assistance to help their driver.
2) Minimize Fuel Costs
No one can control the price of gas, but one of the best benefits of GPS tracking systems is the ability to observe a vehicle’s fuel consumption. The monitoring software will cut down on the amount of money spent on fuel by eliminating vehicle idling, driver speeding, any unauthorized usage, and gives fleet managers the ability to optimize driving routes.
3) Theft Recovery
In the case of a vehicle theft, a GPS tracking system is the best tool for any fleet company. Be notified with alerts and mapping data to help you identify whether the vehicle has been stolen and inform the authorities of its location to enable a quick recovery.
4) Lower Operational Costs
Using GPS tracking software allows fleet managers to see who is taking inefficient routes or using a vehicle for unauthorized purposes. Not only will it solve on the road issues, but it provides an accurate readout of the hours that drivers claim to have worked.
5) Increase Productivity
Because of the ability to track drivers’ hours worked, this also allows fleet managers to make better use of an employee’s time. The GPS tracking software shows exactly where your drivers are at all times and keeps record of what work they are doing at that time.
The benefits of GPS tracking are endless. Get a better grasp of how employees are performing and find better ways to manage workloads with a comprehensive fleet tracking system. Not only will you save time and money, but your drivers will be safer and perform to their full potential.
1.7 RESEARCH QUESTION
At the end of this work this research work shall be able to provide answers to the following question:
- How does a tracking device work?
- What is the purpose of tracker?
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