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TITLE PAGE
PROTOTYPING OF A GAS SENSOR CONTROLLED VALVE TO PREVENT GAS LEAKAGE IN HOMES AND INDUSTRIES
BY
---
--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, " prototyping of a gas sensor controlled valve to prevent gas leakage in homes and industries" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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The use of gas has replaces kerosene because of affordable price. But the public is also expected to be careful about how to use it, because the gas is explosive and leaking causing unpleasant odor (gas leak) even a more dangerous side effect is the explosion of gas cylinders. To overcome these problems then need a tool that can detect gas leakage, in order to prevent gas leakage early. Therefore, the authors designed a device that can detect gas leakage by using Sensor Mq-2 and will issue sound gas alarm warning leak by Modul ISD 1760, and will stop the gas flow from the tube to the stove using a Solenoid Valve. There is also a Flame Sensor’s hardware to detect a fire if there is a spark emerging and spraying water into spots that are likely to spark fire. All hardware will be in if using ATMega 328microcontroller.Monitoring can use android smartphone, with the application that can send a warning to the mobile phone.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
- REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- REVIEW OF TYPES OF GAS ALARM SYSTEM
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- RESEARCH METHOD
- SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT METHOD
- DESIGN SYSTEM
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
- RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
- SYSTEM ANALYSIS
- SOFTWARE ANALYSIS
- HARDWARE ANALYSIS
- TOOL OVERVIEW
- BLOCK DIAGRAM
- THE PRINCIPLE OF WORK TOOLS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The "smart house" technology is one realization of home automation ideals using a specific set of technologies. It's a house that has highly advanced automatic systems for lighting, temperature control, security, appliances, and many other functions. Coded signals are sent through the home's wiring to switches and outlets that are programmed to operate appliances and electronic devices in every part of the house. Smart home appears "intelligent" because its computer systems can monitor many aspects of daily living. Smart house can also provide a remote interface to home appliances or the automation system itself, via telephone line, wireless transmission or the internet and android application, to provide control and monitoring via a smart phone or web browser.
One problem that arises is part of the kitchen. Where is the important kitchen in the house. Many activities are carried out in the kitchen, such as cooking, washing etc. Cooking is a routine activity carried out by housewives. Cook for a long time or simple cooking with a short time. This must be considered by housewives. Cooking related to gas and fire. This can trigger a fire.
LPG gas has a shortage in starting using them compared petroleum which will burn if it is triggered by a fire that was nearby. LPG gas storage areas should use a tube that is strong and not easy to leak. Because if the storage tube gas leaked at the time used will be flammable. As for the kerosene storage could use a conductor or a used bottle.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a byproduct of natural gas extraction and crude oil refining. It is considered a clean and environmentally-friendly source of energy. If made available as a cooking energy fuel it could help to reduce the negative health impacts of 2.6 billion people who currently use biomass stoves that emit harmful smoke and particles due to incomplete combustion [1].
The use of various types of gases has become integral in our daily lives. They have endless applications, ranging from the use of Liquefied Petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking and Compressed Natural gas in automobiles to innumerable gases such as Carbon Monoxide, Town gas, Coal gas, and other forms of Natural gas that are found to play a pivotal part in industries. Gas monitoring is an underlying and critical requirement in all of the staggering uses of gases. A gas detector is an instrument that is used to continuously monitor and detect hazardous gases and vapours, and most importantly, to generate auditory and visual alarms to alert personnel to the existence of these hazards.
In particular, Industrial applications involve the use of potentially harmful gases and vapors such as Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen Sulphide and Ammonia, along with flammable gases like LPG. It is important to monitor the concentrations of these gases using gas detectors and make sure they are within permissible limits. Another typical application of an industrial gas detector is to monitor the oxygen levels in the environment, especially in cases involving inert gases that pose a risk of displacing oxygen.1 These are some of the important issues to be considered in industrial environments involving human personnel.
The potential of an increased use of LPG as a cooking fuel is known for several years now. In 2001, a joint study of the World Bank and World LPG Association (WLPGA) described the potential of LPG: Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a clean and environmentally-friendly source of energy. To protect the environment, LPG could be made available to replace wood and biomass in all households in all developing countries [2].
LPG gas that began much used by people not worth the gas cylinder producers who experience a decrease in terms of quality, so that it can cause hazard due to the lack of supervision of the gas tube products. Since the Government is planning the conversion of kerosene to LPG gas lots of events hit the gas tubes are hazardous to people or the surrounding communities. Proven in field found a broken tube, easily corroded, dented, so it is very prone to LPG gas leaks in the tubes.
Alerting systems are considered to be a useful tool in industries for reporting anomalies that warrant further investigation by the concerned personnel. However, for a system to be truly capable of averting disaster, in addition to monitoring and alerting, it must be able to make decisions in real‐time and shut down the gas supply. The decision‐making capability of a system eliminates the need for manual intervention and consequently, the delay it invariably causes.
Therefore this research wants to provide solutions on how these problems can be anticipated with LPG gas leaks in the gas cylinder by a gas sensor using a microcontroller and if they meet the conditions of detection has been determined, then it can give a warning beep first response when the condition of the gas leak, after 3 minutes there is no response from the user then a second beep alarm will appear with a greater voice, and the solenoid will be activated with the help of the relay to cut off the gas supply from the tube to the next burner if the sparks began to emerge then the fire sensor. Flame sensor will read it and will automatically be doused water towards the Sparks to minimize fire that will progressively enlarged.
In this study will be discussed about smart kitchens such as LPG Gas leakage detectors using fire sensors and MQ-2. Where to provide solutions to how the problem can be anticipated with the LPG gas leakage equipment on gas cylinders by the MQ-2 sensors that are processed using microcontrollers and solenoid will be active with the help of the relay to cut off the gas supply from Tube to the stove next if the sparks begin to appear then the fire sensor that is the Flame sensor will read it and will automatically be watered by the water sparks to minimize the flames will be enlarged.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Gas leakage in home and industrial area causes many health issues and accident. Thus, to prevent such disasters happen, the atmosphere of a workplace should be regularly monitored and controlled, in order to maintain the clean air environment.
However, efforts in industrial air quality control have been impeded by the lack of science-based approaches to identify and assess atmosphere air quality and level of dangerous gas. Therefore, a monitoring system for gas leakage detection needs to be developed.
Real time monitoring of the environment for gas leakages is crucial in industrial applications as they involve the use of toxic and combustible gases. To ensure the safety of the personnel working in these environments, the concentrations of the gases must be monitored and maintained. To secure the environment and prevent a gas leak from escalating to disastrous proportions, only monitoring and alerting will not suffice, and there must be a mechanism in place to shut down the gas supply. To address this need, this paper proposes a smart, wireless sensor‐actuator network built upon the Internet of Things for the real‐time monitoring of the environment, detecting gas leakages and the subsequent automatic shut‐off via a solenoid valve accompanied by timely alerts. Due to the autonomous nature of the system, it is highly reliable in disaster management. The system proposed in this paper boasts easy integration into existing environments with minimal modifications, thus making it portable, efficient and economic.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of work is build a prototype device that will secure the environment and prevent a gas leak from escalating to disastrous proportions and that has a mechanism in place to shut down the gas supply when a gas leakage occur.
The objectives of this work are:
- To secure the environment.
- prevent a gas leak from escalating to disastrous proportions, only monitoring and alerting will not suffice, and
- to provide a mechanism in place to shut down the gas supply when leak gas is detected.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This device monitors Liquefied Petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking and Compressed Natural gas in automobiles to innumerable gases such as Carbon Monoxide, Town gas, Coal gas, and other forms of Natural gas that are found to play a pivotal part in industries. Gas monitoring is an underlying and critical requirement in all of the staggering uses of gases. This device continuously monitor and detect hazardous gases and vapors, and most importantly, to generate auditory and visual alarms to alert personnel to the existence of these hazards and also has the ability to control cylinder valve when the leak gas is detected.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This device has the capacity of making decisions in real‐time and shut down the gas supply. The decision‐making capability of a system eliminates the need for manual intervention and consequently, the delay it invariably causes.
1.6 PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
The drawback associated with this approach is the lack of consideration of scenarios such as the leakage occurring from the gas pipe.
1.7 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
This device can be used in the following places such as:
- shop,
- offices,
- industry
- Worship centres
1.8 PROJECT ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the background literature review of the work, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results and system test, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of " prototyping of a gas sensor controlled valve to prevent gas leakage in homes and industries" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of " prototyping of a gas sensor controlled valve to prevent gas leakage in homes and industries" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on " prototyping of a gas sensor controlled valve to prevent gas leakage in homes and industries" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of " prototyping of a gas sensor controlled valve to prevent gas leakage in homes and industries" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of " prototyping of a gas sensor controlled valve to prevent gas leakage in homes and industries" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of " prototyping of a gas sensor controlled valve to prevent gas leakage in homes and industries" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of " prototyping of a gas sensor controlled valve to prevent gas leakage in homes and industries" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a " prototyping of a gas sensor controlled valve to prevent gas leakage in homes and industries" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of " prototyping of a gas sensor controlled valve to prevent gas leakage in homes and industries" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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