PROXIMATE COMPOSITION QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DELONLX REGIA LEAVES
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TITLE PAGE
BY
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--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
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APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work ''proximate composition qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of delonlx regia leaves'' by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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Delonixregia is a traditionally medicine that has been used in various ailments such as chronic fever, antimicrobial, constipation, inflammation, arthritis, hemoplagia, piles, boils, pyorrhea, scorpion bite, bronchitis, asthma and dysmenorrhoea. However, there is little experimental evidence for its traditional use. In this review an attempt has been made to gather and compile the scattered traditional information along with the experimental evidence on the beneficial properties of Delonixregia. The plant shows diverse therapeutic prospective such as antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiemetic, larvicidal, hepatoprotective, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, anthelmintic, antiarthritic, wound healing and anticarcinogenic potential. It possess copious phytochemicals, viz. saponins, alkaloids, carotene, hydrocarbons, phytotoxins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, carotenoids, galactomannon, lupeol, β-sitosterol, terpenoids, glycosides and carbohydrates, in leaves, flowers, bark and roots. Though DelonixregiaRaf. has been widely used in traditional medicines in various ailments, yet studies need to be conducted to explore the potential phyto-constituents of this plant for the prevention of various other diseases and to further unravel, characterize, patent and commercialize the protective components from different parts of this plant for the benefit of humans.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
- RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
- DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 DELONIX REGIA
2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF DELONIX REGIA
2.3 OCCURANCE OF DELONIX REGIA
2.4 BOTANICAL DISCRIPTION
2.5 USES OF DELONIX REGIA
2.6 MEDICINAL & TRADITIONAL USES
2.7 PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
2.8 ISOLATED COMPOUNDS
2.9 DISTRIBUTION OF DELONIX REGIA
2.10 FORAGE MANAGEMENT OF DISTRIBUTION OF DELONIX REGIA
2.11 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD
3.1 STUDY AREA
3.2 PLANTCOLLECTIONANDPREPARATION
3.3 MEASUREMENTS
3.3.1 PROXIMATEANALYSIS
3.4 MINERALANALYSIS
3.5 STATISTICALANALYSIS
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 PROXIMATECOMPOSITIONOFDRLAND DSR
4.2 MINERALANALYSISOFDRLAND DSR
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSIONS
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Medicinal plants are rich source of novel drugs that forms the ingredients in traditional system of medicine, modern medicines, pharmaceutical intermediates and lead compounds in synthetic drugs [1]. The reason for using them as medicine lies in the fact that they contain chemical components of therapeutic value [2]. These compounds are naturally occurring in the medicinal plants, leaves, vegetables and roots that have defense mechanism and protect from various diseases. The medicinal value of plants lies in some chemical substances (usually secondary metabolites) that produce a definite physiological action as the human body. In recent times focus on plant research has increased all over the world and a large body of evidence has collected to show immense potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional systems [3] including treatment against hepatocellular carcinoma [4].
Nature has been a source of wide diversity of medicinal plants and mankind has used many species for centuries since time immemorial for their benefit. The medicinal property of the plants has been exploited for the cure of several ailments [4]. There has been an increasing interest worldwide on therapeutic values of natural products from plants due to disenchantment with modern synthetic drug [1]. Herbal medicine has proved efficacious and potent in the treatment of many chronic diseases that orthodox medicine cannot cure. Plants have the ability to synthesize a wide variety of chemical compounds that are used to perform important biological functions, and to defend against attack from predators such as insects, fungi and herbivorous mammals. Antibiotics were discovered to provide the source for the therapy of microbial infections. Excessive use of antibiotics has become the major factor for the emergence and dissemination of multidrug resistant strains [16]. Numerous aromatic spicy and medicinal plants have been examined for their antioxidant potential [3]. Many plant components are now synthesized and analyzed in large laboratories, for example vincristine (antitumor drug) and ephedrine (bronchodilator) used to decrease respiratory congestion were well originally discovered through research on medicinal plants [9]. In general people with low income such as farmers, people of small isolated villages and native communities use folk medicine for the treatment of common infections [8]. Infectious diseases caused by these multidrug resistant strains remain the leading cause of death. Thus people are turning their attention to alternative novel antimicrobial agents to combat such pathogens [5,10].
Phytochemicals are biologically active compounds derived from plant physiological processes and are, responsible for conferring colour, flavor, smell, texture and several biological properties including antimicrobial property to the plants [11]. India is rich in all the three levels of bio diversities including species diversity, genetic diversity and habitat diversity. Therefore, after search through wide literature for medicinal plants bearing antimicrobial properties the plants Delonixregia, Cassia alata, and Murrayakoenigii plants were selected to further screen their phytochemical properties. The aim to analyze the phytochemical properties of the concerned plant (Delonixregia) was to validate their use in folk medicine. At the end of this work, the proximatecomposition,quantitative and qualitative phytochemical constituents of Delonixregia leaves shall be analyzed and discussed.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Traditional medicine is widely used almost everywhere in the world most especially in Africa which Nigeria is one of the countries in Africa that values and use traditional medicine. However, despite the popularity of traditional medicine in Nigeria, there are still high number of people that doesn’t belief in the efficacy of traditional medicine. This work was made to gather and compile the scattered traditional information along with the experimental evidence on the beneficial properties of Delonixregia which can make and convince people using traditional medicine.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main aim of this study is to determine the proximate composition qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of delonlxregia leaves.
The objectives of the study are:
- To determine extent is Delonixregia useful
- To determine sicknesses that Delonixregia cures
- To check if there any side effect of using Delonixregia in treating sicknesses
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
- To what extent is Delonixregia useful?
- What are the sicknesses that Delonixregia cures?
- Is there any side effect of using Delonixregia in treating sicknesses?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
As a student of this department, this study has exposed me to the uses, application, and chemical ingredient of Delonixregia.This study has also help me toinvestigatetheproximatecomposition,quantitative and qualitative phytochemical constituents of Delonixregia.
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION
Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used for curing of various human diseases and also play an important role in healing. Secondary constituents contain Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Phenol, Saponine, Steroids and Tannins. Medicinal plants have anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antidiuretic and anti-inflammation activities. There are different types of medicinal plants which cures different types of diseases but in this study we are only focusing on Delonixregia which is locally available in all region of Nigeria. The leaves of the selected medicinal plants were washed, air dried and then powdered. The methanolicextract of leaves samples were used for the phytochemical analysis to find out the quantitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents in the plants.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Most frequently used terms in this work are defined as below:
DELONIX REGIA:Delonixregia is a species of flowering plant in the bean family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae native to Madagascar. It is noted for its fern-like leaves and flamboyant display of orange-red flowers over summer.
PHYTOCHEMICALS: These are chemical compounds produced by plants, generally to help them thrive or thwart competitors, predators, or pathogens. Some phytochemicals have been used as poisons and others as traditional medicine.
MEDICINAL PLANT: This is a plant that is used with the intention of maintaining health, to be administered for a specific condition, or both, whether in modern medicine or in traditional medicine.
ANTIMICROBIAL: An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth. Antimicrobial medicines can be grouped according to the microorganisms they act primarily against. For example, antibiotics are used against bacteria and antifungals are used against fungi.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
The study was a scientific validation that Delonixregiacontains essential minerals, nutrients and somechemicalsubstancesthatproducedefinitephysiologicalactiononthebodyofhumanandanimals.Medicinalplantsare safe, cheap and effective and are could also be used in future to bridge the gap between food safety andproductioninlivestock.CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of ''proximate composition qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of delonlx regia leaves'' is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of ''proximate composition qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of delonlx regia leaves'' consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on ''proximate composition qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of delonlx regia leaves'' was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of ''proximate composition qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of delonlx regia leaves'' is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of ''proximate composition qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of delonlx regia leaves'' detector consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
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