QUALITY CONTROL OF CONCRETE MATERIAL TO ENHANCE STRUCTURAL STABILITY
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--/H2013/01430
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DECEMBER,2018
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This is to certify that the research work, "quality control of concrete material to enhance structural stability" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
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The extensive deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) structures in the recent past has raised worldwide concerns. To ensure efficient utilization of resources (sustainable construction) there is a need to construct durable RC structures. The current quality control approach of measuring strength of standard specimens such as cylinders or cubes is inadequate as it is not directly related to durability. Concrete cover quality can be reliably assessed through the use of a performance-based approach which also allows for flexibility in selection of materials by the concrete producer on the condition that the required performance is complied with. The performance-based approach developed and used which is based on the durability index (DI) tests. A review of implementation of the specifications in the production of precast median barriers which were used in a large scale infrastructure project in Gauteng Province is provided. The material provisions, strength and durability indicators are considered and discussed. A second study based on determining the effects of reducing the cement content on the properties of concrete (strength and durability) is also provided. From the two studies, it is shown that high binder content may result in high strength which does not necessarily ensure compliance with durability requirements. It is possible to reduce the cement content, ensuring its efficient use, while still attaining the required durability and strength properties.
Keywords: Durability; quality control; performance-based approach; sustainable construction.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
- AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
- ADVANTAGES OF QUALITY CONTROL OF CONCRETE
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- REVIEW OF THE STUDY
- INGREDIENT OF CONCRETE
- PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
- FACTORS AFFECTING STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
- FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY CONTROL OF CONCRETE
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
- INTRODUCTION
- DURABILITY OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES BASED ON THE ‘PRESCRIPTIVE’ APPROACH OF DESIGN
- PERFORMANCE-BASED APPROACH
- EFFICIENT USE OF CEMENT IN CONCRETE
- THE DURABILITY INDEX PERFORMANCE-BASED APPROACH: PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT
4.1 INFLUENCE OF CEMENT CONTENT ON DURABILITY PARAMETERS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Concrete is a widely used construction material, its consumption has been described to be second to that of water [1]. Its popularity can be attributed to various reasons such as: its versatility, readily available materials, fair cost in comparison to other construction materials, and durability under most conditions, to name but a few. However, in the recent past, there have been increasing concerns with the lack of durability of concrete structures, more so the pervasive corrosion of reinforced concrete (RC) structures resulting in high costs of repair and rehabilitation [2,3].
Sustainable development using concrete requires the efficient use of resources with consideration of environmental, economic and social aspects. The production of cement, one of the main constituents in concrete, has been identified to emit approximately 5% of the world’s anthropogenic CO2 emissions which raises environmental concerns [4].
There is a projected increase in population in developing countries e.g. in Asia, South America and Africa. With this growth, the demand for infrastructure will increase. To ensure sustainable construction to meet these rising infrastructure requirements there is a need to: a) ensure the design and construction of durable structures that will adequately perform over their service life with acceptable levels of repair and rehabilitation [5] (b) reduce the CO2 emissions that arise from cement production through use of alternative fuels, alternative raw materials and use of by-products from other industries to produce blended cements [6].
Concrete is generally produced in batches at the site with the locally available materials of variable characteristics. This results in a variation of strength from batch to batch also with in the batch. The factor controlling this difference for concrete of a given level of strength is highly needed.
This led to the study of quality control which is the control of variation in the properties of the mix ingredients and control of the accuracy of all those operations which affect the strength or consistency of concrete.
Thus quality control is a production tool to assure that all aspects of materials equipment sand workmanship are looked after.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Quality control is adopted to achieve the following purposes:
1) To reduces the variation in strength and consistency of concrete produces in different batches.
2) To ensures the production of uniform material having desirable characteristics.
3) To ensure desirable quality at every stage of work.
4) To reduce the maintenance cost.
5) To expedite the work.
1.4 ADVANTAGES OF QUALITY CONTROL OF CONCRETE
The general feeling is that quality control involves extra cost, this is certainly not so. The advantages of quality control offset the extra cost. Some of the advantages of quality control of concrete are described below.
1) Quality control assures rational use of available resources and thus reduces the materials cost.
2) Quality control provides a guarantee of desirable quality at every stage of works.
3) In the absence of quality control at the site, the designer is often tempted to over-design to minimize the risk which ultimately increases the overall cost.
4) checks at every stage of production and rectification of the faults at the right time expedite the completion and thereby reduces delay.
5) Adoption of quality control reduces the maintenance cost.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will serve as a means of having a wider knowledge about concrete and their structural stability.
The study will be helpful in reducing troubles and challenges caused in determining the quality of cement by the different stakeholders of construction industries.
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF WORK
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "quality control of concrete material to enhance structural stability" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "quality control of concrete material to enhance structural stability" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "quality control of concrete material to enhance structural stability" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "quality control of concrete material to enhance structural stability" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "quality control of concrete material to enhance structural stability" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "quality control of concrete material to enhance structural stability" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "quality control of concrete material to enhance structural stability" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "quality control of concrete material to enhance structural stability" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "quality control of concrete material to enhance structural stability" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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