ROAD ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION WITHIN DUTSE (case Dutse city,jigawa state)
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This study is aimed at assessing the road network system of Dutse city, jigawa state using a Geographic Information System (GIS). A reconnaissance survey of the area was also done to assess the present situation and state of the road network. Both the topographical map and the imagery were geo-rectified in ArcGIS 9.2 and geographic data on roads and road junction were captured. Road junctions were digitized as points which are otherwise referred to as nodes while the roads as lines which are also called Arcs. Simple descriptive analysis was used to describe the road condition, pavements and types of the road network in the study. The connectivity level in the road network was determined with the use of Beta Index (BI). The road density was determined with respect to the road length per unit area. The road density was high (8.07 km-1) while the connectivity level of road network was also high (0.77). In terms of road condition, the analysis revealed that road length of 26.66 km (97.19 %) was tarred and in good condition out of 27.43 km of total road length in the study. In terms of road types, the analysis showed that the total length of dualized road type was 6.14 km (22.38 %) while 21.29 km (77.62 %) were not dualized.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
- RESEARCH QUESTION
- SCOPE OF THE STUDY
- LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
- DEFINITION OF TERMS
- PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.2 THE IMPACT OF ROAD TRANSPORT ON THE ENVIRONMENT
2.3 TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT USERS
2.4 OVERVIEW OF PAVEMENT
2.5 REQUIREMENTS OF A PAVEMENT
2.6 PAVEMENT TYPE SELECTION GUIDELINES
2.7 THE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION
2.8 TRANSPORTATION AND ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
2.9 ECONOMIC RETURNS OF TRANSPORT INVESTMENTS
2.10 ROAD PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE ROAD SAFETY
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 THE STUDY AREA
3.2 COLLECTION OF DATA
3.3 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
3.4 DETERMINATION OF ROAD DENSITY
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
5.2 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE 1.0
INTRODUCTION 1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The road network has an effect on crash risk because it determines how road users perceive their environment. Many development projects seriously depend on transport network because transportation is the factor determining the speed of growth and development of a place which can occur through roads, rails, airways, waterways pipelines, etc. (Vinod et al., 2013). Whatever the purpose of journey, mode of transport, available route to take, type of vehicle are some of the factors to be considered. Accurate information on the transport infrastructure is the fundamental requirement for many decision making processes; therefore information is required to be reliable, updated, relevant, easily accessible and affordable (Fiatornu, 2016). Transportation is a requirement for every nation, regardless of its industrial capacity, population size or technological development. Moving of goods and people from one place to another is critical to maintaining strong economic and political ties between regions in the same state; roads came into being to facilitate the movement of wheeled vehicles which in turn, fostered the development of regions. However, the National Transport Policy for Nigeria (2013) states that the road is the primary right of way to accommodate and ensure the safety of all modes - bus transit, automobile, walking and cycling hence, priority must be given to the maintenance and improvement of roadways, sidewalks and arterial roads. The survey also shows that the state of Nigerian roads remains poor for a number of reasons such as faulty designs, lack of drainage and very thin coatings that were easily washed away, excessive use of the road network given the under-developed nature of waterways and railways among others. The most important role of both government and individual citizen is to find a solution for managing existing roads even before new ones are constructed but managing modern roadways is a complex business especially at this time when economic growth has come close to a halt in Nigeria.
Thus, the creation, updating, maintenance and general management of road information and network in terms of spatial and non-spatial data are needed but the voluminous nature of data involved for proper record keeping is indeed cumbersome, and cannot effectively be handled by a traditional system of record keeping. The analogue system means remain inflexible resulting in data storage in fixed forms and formats; however, the system becomes less useful for many purposes and is rarely updated because of the costs implication. The maps are easily displaced or destroyed because many different people at different locations use them.
An alternative approach to maintaining a coherent database for roads in a scientific and efficient manner is therefore required and consequently, geographic information systems (GIS) will be advantageous. Hence, there will be improvements in planning, implementation and operation of the road sector through provision of timely, reliable, sufficiently and accurately detailed data which will facilitate the decision making activities. Uluocha (2018) notes that if the noble objective of mapping for proper utility design and maintenance is to be satisfactorily achieved, the more sophisticated computer-based Automated Mapping/Facility Management (AM\FM) or a Geographic Information System (GIS) must be embraced. According to Miller and Shaw (2011), Geographic Information System for transportation (GIS-T) can play a central role in the new environment for public land-use and transportation decision-making by allowing a wide-range of information to be integrated based on the location and fostering (but certainly not securing) a holistic perspective on complex land-use and transportation problems. Miller and Shaw (2011) explain further that GIS-T allows analytical and computational tools to be used in conjunction with detailed representations of the local geography, allowing analysis and problem-solving to be tailored to the local context. GIS-T can also greatly reduce the gulf between analysis and communication, allowing greater public input into analytical decisions such as the choice of data, modeling assumptions and scenario development. This study therefore assessed the road types, conditions; and also measures the road density and road connectivity level in the study area with optimal use of GIS. The reason being that proper network mapping of a region can efficiently reduce traffic congestion and/ or bottlenecks, create easy access to places that are far and near, reduce transportation time and increase accessibility of industries to their targeted customers. In addition, proper analysis and mapping of road network cannot be underestimated because this serves as a key to economic development in terms of per-capita income and expenditure of the community.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Global technology and scientific innovation in transportation system has resulted in improvement of global economy and caused environmental degradation. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalisation, but the condition of road is what determines the flow of transport in any environment. Survey also shows that the state of Nigerian roads remains poor for a number of reasons such as faulty designs, lack of drainage and very thin coatings that were easily washed away, excessive use of the road network given the under-developed nature of waterways and railways among others.
However, forecasting, updating, maintenance and general management of road information and network in terms of spatial and non-spatial data are needed but the voluminous nature of data involved for proper record keeping is indeed cumbersome, and cannot effectively be handled by a traditional system of record keeping. This study was carried out to overcome the problem noticed on using traditional method used in updating and general management of road information by using Geographic Information System (GIS).
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This study assessed the road network system of Dutse city, jigawa state using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The objectives of the study are:
- To have accurate information of the nature of the road at any point in time.
- To maintain good road network system
- To improve the economy of the nation.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study assessed the road network system of Dutse city, jigawa state using a Geographic Information System (GIS Dutse got its name from the rocky topography peculiar to the area. Different forms of rocks can be seen widely spread across the town. Mostly igneous in nature, the rocky town got its name from this naturally endowed resources, Dutse (Hausa term for rock). A reconnaissance survey of the area was also done to assess the present situation and state of the road network. Both the topographical map and the imagery were geo-rectified in ArcGIS 9.2 and geographic data on roads and road junction were captured. Road junctions were digitized as points, which are otherwise referred to as nodes, while the roads as lines, which are also called Arcs. Simple descriptive analysis was used to describe the road condition, pavements and types of the road network in the study. The connectivity level in the road network was determined with the use of Beta Index (BI).
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Ho: there is a significant relationship between good road network and nation’s economy.
Hi: there is no significant relationship between good road network and nation’s economy.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTION
- What is the importance of having good road network?
- Does good road network contribute positively to Nigeria economy?
- Can the situation of Nigeria road be captured digitally?
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
GIS is defined by Burrough (1986) as “a powerful tool for collection, storage, retrieval, transforming and displaying spatial data from the real world. Goodchild (2017) defined GIS as “a computer system for handling geographic information in a digital form.
A map as defined by Ndukwe (2011) as a representation on a plane surface of the physical features (natural and artificial) of parts or the whole earth’s surface, at a given scale, by the use of signs and symbols with the method of orientation indicated.
1.8 LIMITATION OF STUDY
As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-
- Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (data obtained from Rivers State Ministry of Lands and Housing).
- Time Constraint: The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.
1.9 PROJECT ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The efficiency of a GIS is clearly evident in this study in terms of road network analysis. The technique was used to assess the road network system in Dutse in terms of the present condition of the road, pavement, road type and its connectivity. Therefore, it can be concluded that road network of the study area is in good condition and the connectivity level is still high. Thus the following recommendations are made:
- The government is encouraged to embrace keeping and managing of spatial data with the use of a GIS.
- There should be regular maintenance of these roads in the study area and the small area that is bad should be repaired to reach the standard of a 100 % good road network.
- There is a need for training and re-training programmes among the government staff on a GIS.
- The international body with its vast strength and power should encourage the developing countries to establish a GIS in different areas of human endeavour through adequate funding.
- This study can be carried out on a larger scale and other attributes like the drainage system, vehicular movement, impedance analysis, least route cost should be studied among other things.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of"road assessment and evaluation within dutse (case dutse city,jigawa state)" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of"road assessment and evaluation within dutse (case dutse city,jigawa state)"consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on"road assessment and evaluation within dutse (case dutse city,jigawa state)"was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of"road assessment and evaluation within dutse (case dutse city,jigawa state)"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of"road assessment and evaluation within dutse (case dutse city,jigawa state)"consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of"road assessment and evaluation within dutse (case dutse city,jigawa state)"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of"road assessment and evaluation within dutse (case dutse city,jigawa state)"consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of"road assessment and evaluation within dutse (case dutse city,jigawa state)"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of"road assessment and evaluation within dutse (case dutse city,jigawa state)"consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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