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TITLE PAGE
BY
---
--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "solar powered digital street clock" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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The design and fabrication of a solar powered digital street clock involves the introduction of solar energy to digital street clock. A Street is a clock found in streets, special landmarks and public places such as schools, roundabouts and markets. Independent of location globally, clock allows the maximization of profit, productivity and efficient coordination of workforce. The solar powered digital street clock comes with special features such as weather-resistant housing and electronics enabling the clock to withstand adverse weather condition. The main parts of the project include solar panel, solar controller, LCD display, rechargeable battery and buzzer.
Solar powered digital street clock is hardly seen in major cities in Nigeria. It displays time in the Hour, Minute and Second-format with an alarm system that rings every hour. The user can set the time using a switch, when the time is set, it is displayed in the LCD display.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE ………………………………………………………………….. i
TITLE PAGE …………………………………………………………………… ii
CERTIFICATION ……………………………………………………………… iii
DEDICATION …………………………………………………………………… iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………………………. v
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………… vi
LIST OF TABLES
Tables
3.1 Gantt chart showing the flow of Research activities …………………… 12
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures
3.1 Flow chart of methodology ……………………………………………. 12
3.2 Block diagram of the solar powered digital street clock ………………. 13
3.3 Schematic diagram of the solar powered digital street clock …………. 13
3.3.1 Front view of the solar powered digital street clock ………………….. 14
3.3.2 Skeletal body of the solar powered digital street clock ………………. 14
3.3.3 Design of the solar powered digital street clock ……………………… 15
3.4 Solar power unit ………………………………………………………. 16
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT …………………………………. 1
- PROBLEM STATEMENT …………………………………………… 1
- AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT ………………………………. 1-2
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT …………………………………. 2
- ADVANTAGES ………………………………………………………… 2
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT …………………………………... 3
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT ……………………………………………. 3
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT …………………………………….. 3
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- HISTORY OF DIGITAL CLOCK ……………………………………… 4-5
- REVIEW OF EXISTING TECHNOLOGY ………………………….......5-7
- THE HISTORITICAL BACKGROUND OF THE DIGITAL CLOCK…. 7
- OVERVIEW OF SOLAR ENERGY ………………………………… 7-9
- MAXIMIUM ANGLE OF INCLINATION …………………………... 9
- SOLAR PANEL ………………………………………………………… 10
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SOLAR PANEL ……………….. 11
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………... 12
- BLOCK DIAGRAM …………………………………………….….. 12-13
- STREET CLOCK CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ………………….……… 13-15
- STREET CLCOK CIRCUIT PARTS ………………….……..…… 16
- STREET CLCOK OPERATION ………………………………….. 17
REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………… ix-xii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUNDOFTHEPROJECT
Street Clock is very useful in public places to communicate the right time and add beauty to the environment it is installed. The solar powered digital street clock comprises of a digital street clock, solar panel and rechargeable battery connected together electrically by the use of cables and set of programs. This project was designed because it is hardly seen in any major cities in Nigeria and the need to constantly remind passerby, travelers what time it is.
The circuit used is hardware base. It will consist of two timing signals, a 60Hz clock pulse used as the main timing signal and 1 KHz clock used for multiplexing a display for the clock. These pulses will be counted and stored in the memory registers and then displayed to show the current time. The format of display would be HH: MM: SS.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Analogue clocks have always faced the challenge of high power consumption and failure to work as soon as the battery dies or is removed, the same challenges is faced by digital street clock. We introduced solar panel and rechargeable battery into the design of the digital street clock in other to use renewable energy source to power the clock all day.
OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of this project is to design and fabricate a solar powered digital street clock. Theobjectives of thisprojectare:
- Tosaveenergy
- Tobuildan uninterruptible streetclock thatwilldisplay the timeinseconds,minutesandhours.
- To save cost of buying batteries and reduce the labor involve in replacingthebattery.
- To interact with various Engineering disciplines.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
The design and fabrication of the solar powered digital street clock is a way of helping the public toorganizetheirschedulesandkeep track of time ontheirappointments and activities.
This project will serve as a means of exposing us to the application, uses andinstallation of asolarenergy to power the digital street clock.
ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR POWER EDDIGITAL STREET CLOCK
- Because of the uninterruptible power supply feature, this clock displays theright time allthetime.
- Itissimpleand durable.
- Itmaintenancecostisless.
- Initialcostofconstructionislow.
- Easy to maintain; each side of the clock works independently, so the replacement of the faulty side does not affect the operation of the other side.
APPLICATIONS
The solar powered digital street clock can be mounted inplaceslike:
- Schools
- Churches
- Roundaboutsetc.
SCOPEOFTHEPROJECT
- Study of the previous work on the project so as to improveit efficiency.
- Draw ablock diagram.
- Test for continuity in components and devices,
- Design and calculation for the device was carried out.
- Studying of various componentuse dincircuit.
- Construction of the circuit was carried out.
- The preparation of BEME (Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation)
- Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.
LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
Its limitation includes:
- Adverse weather condition.
- Dirt accumulation on the panel.
- Electrical issues.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "solar powered digital street clock" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "solar powered digital street clock" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "solar powered digital street clock" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "solar powered digital street clock" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "solar powered digital street clock" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "solar powered digital street clock" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "solar powered digital street clock" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "solar powered digital street clock" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "solar powered digital street clock" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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