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CHAPTER ONE
1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION
1.1      Background of the Study
According to World Malaria Report (2020), 76 percent of Nigeria’s population are at risk of malaria by living in high transmission areas.  From the report, Nigeria accounts for 27 percent of malaria cases worldwide and the highest number of deaths (24 percent) due to malaria in 2019 (World Malaria Report, 2020).  Currently, malaria vectors control activities have succeeded in shrinking vector distribution map in different areas across Africa (Meyrowitsch et al, 2011; Padonou et al, 2012). The Anopheles gambiaesensulato(s.l.) is the mostimportant vector of malaria in Africa (Hunt et al, 2018)and comprises ofsevenmorphologicallyindistinguishablesiblingspecies (Gillies et al, 2017).ThemostimportantmembersofthecomplexinvolvedinmalariatransmissionareAn.gambiaes.s.andAn.arabiensis. An. quadriannulatus, An. melas, An. merusandAn.bwambaareofminorimportancs (Moreno et al, 2017).Thesespe-ciesvaryinrelativefrequencyanddistributionfromonegeographicallocationtoanother;distributionisinfluencedby prevailing climatic conditions (Lindsay et al, 1998). In Nigeria, higherpopulations of An. arabiensiswere recorded in the aridnortheastregion (Samdi et al, 2006),whilehigherpopulationsofAn.gambiaes.s.werecollectedinthesoutherntropicalrainforest (Gillies et al, 2018).
Theidentificationtospecieslevelofmorphologically identical taxa within the complex is an essential componentoftheepidemiologicalstudyofmalariaandthesub-sequent formulation of control strategies in malaria endemicareas (Gadzama et al, 2013.
There is paucity of information on the compositionanddistributionofmembersoftheAn.gambiaecomplexinAkoko south, OndoState ofNigeria.Thisstudy utilizespolymerasechainreaction(PCR)assaystoidentifythespeciesofthemajorvectorofmalaria,An.gambiaecomplex in different eco-vegetational zones ofthestate.
1.2     Problem Statement
Due to their diverse ecology and behavior, identification of individual siblings of the member of Anophelesgambiaes.iis of important so as to understand the epidemiology, transmission pattern and the most appropriate intervention.
1.3    Motivation of the study
Due to higher level of malaria transmission in the world mostly in African and the level in which mosquitoes have plagued the world with malaria for decades and centuries now. Anopheles gambiae is the dominant and most efficient vector of human malaria in the Afrotropical Region, based on its high abundance, longevity, high propensity for humans feeding, and high vectorial capacity. An understanding of the temporal and spatial determinants of parasite transmission, its seasonal patterns and the dominant vectors implicated in transmission is crucial for the control of vector species. A reliable risk modelling is one of the precautionary means in the framework of public health and management of malaria, especially in view of climate change. This study was carried out to meet the need.
1.4    Aim and objectives of the study
The main aim of this study is to look at the composition, distribution and morphological identification of members of Anophelesgambiaes.i inAkoko south local Government, Ondo State ofNigeria. The objectives are:

1. To identify Anopheles mosquito collectedmorphologically
2. To identify the composition of Anophelesgambiaes.i
3. To know the distribution of Anophelesgambiaes.iwithinAkoko south LGA.

1.5      Significance of the study
The knowledge of species distribution and composition are the bedrock in measuring the effectiveness of malaria vector control strategies. This research tend to know the composition, distribution and morphological identification of Anophelesgambiaes.i.

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